Kettering - Normal Values and Ventilator Guidelines

normal RBC

4-6 mill/mm3

normal Hb

12-16 gm/100mL

normal Hct

40-50%

normal WBC

5,000-10,000/mm3

normal sodium (Na+)

135-145 mEq/L

normal potassium (K+)

3.5-4.5 mEq/L

normal chloride (Cl-)

90-100 mEq/L

normal bicarb (HCO3-)

22-26 mEq/L

normal creatinine

0.7-1.3 mg/dL

normal blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

8-25 mg/dL

normal clotting time

up to 6 minutes

normal platelet count

150,000 - 400,000/mm3

normal activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

24-32 seconds

normal troponin

less than 0.1 ng/mL

normal brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

less than 100 pg/mL

normal prothrombin time (PT)

12-15 seconds

normal adult heart rate

60-100 beats/min

term infant

38-42 weeks

All term infant normals

HR: 110-160

BP: 60/40

RR: 30-60

birth weight: 3000g/ low 1000g

temperature: 36.5C

dubowitz score: 40

blood glucose: more than 30 mg/dL

L/S ratio: 2:1 or higher

APGAR scores

done at 1 and 5 minutes

normal: 7-10

poor: 4-6

emergency: 0-3

normal newborn ABG

PaCO2: less than 50

PaO2: more than 60

pH: more than 7.30

normal PaCO2

35-45

normal PaO2

80-100

normal pH

7.35 - 7.45

normal HCO3

22-26

normal BE

-2/+2

normal SaO2

98%

95-100%

normal PAO2

varies directly with patients FiO2 and Pb

normal A-aDO2

varies directly with patients FiO2

normal P/F ratio or PaO2/FiO2

greater than or equal to 380 torr

less than 300 ALI

less than 200 ARDS

normal VD/VT

20-40%

up to 60% for ventilator patients

normal CaO2

17-20 vol%

normal CvO2

12-16 vol%

normal C(a-v)O2

4-5 vol%

normal oxygen index (OI)

less than 10

normal QS/QT

3-5%

less than 20% acceptable

more than 20% unacceptable

normal BP

120/80 mmHg

range: 90/60 - 140/90

normal mean arterial pressure (MAP)

93-94 mmHg

normal right atrial pressure or central venous pressure (CVP)

2-6 mmHg

4- 12 cmH2O

normal right ventricular pressure

25/0 mmHg

normal pulmonary artery pressure (PAP)

25/8 mmHg

mean 13-14 mmHg (9-18)

normal pulmonary capillary pressure

8-10 mmHg

normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PWP/PCWP)

4-12 mmHg

normal left atrial pressure

4-12 mmHg

normal left ventricle pressure

120/0 mmHg

normal QT (cardiac output)

4-8 L/min

normal CI (cardiac index)

2.5 - 4 L/min/m2

normal pulse pressure

40 mmHg

normal systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

less than 20 mmHg/L/min or 1600 Dynes/sec/cm-5

normal pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)

less than 2.5 mmHg/L/min or 200 Dynes/sec/cm-5

normal laryngoscope blade sizes

adult: 3

pediatric: 2

term infant: 1

pre term infant: 0

normal cuff pressure

20-25 mmHg

25-35 cmH2O

normal ETT sizes

pre term infant: 2.5 - 3.0 mm

term infant: 3.0 - 3.5 mm

adult male: 8.0 - 8.5 mm

adult female: 7.0 - 7.5 mm

normal ETT markings

oral intubation: 21-25 cm at lips

nasal intubation: 26-29 cm at nares

normal capnography (EtCO2)

30 torr

3-5%

normal carboxyhemoglobin (COHb)

0-1%

PFT calibration syringe

3.0 liters

range: 2.895 - 3.105 L (+/- 3.5%)

normal VC

4800 mL or 4.8 L

80% of predicted or higher

normal FEV1

4000 mL or 4.0 L

80% of predicted or higher

normal FEV1/FVC

83%

normal FEF200-1200

6.0 L/sec

80% of predicted or higher

normal FEF25-75%

4.7 L/sec

80% of predicted or higher

vital capacity (VC)

normal: 65-75 mL/kg or 10 x Vt

acceptable: greater than or equal to 10 mL/kg (greater than or equal to 2 x Vt)

unacceptable: less than 10 mL/kg (less than 2 x Vt)

maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP)

normal: 80 cmH2O

acceptable: 20 cmH2O

unacceptable: less than 20 cmH2O

RR (f)

normal: 12-20/min

acceptable: 8-20/min

unacceptable: greater than 20 or less than 8

minute ventilation (VE)

normal: 5-6 L/min

acceptable: less than 10L/min

unacceptable: greater than 10L/min

maximum expiratory pressure (MEP)

normal: 160 cmH2O

acceptable: 40 cmH2O

unacceptable: less than 40 cmH2O

initial settings for mechanical ventilation

mode: any mode is acceptable for initial set-up, do not rule out an option because of mode alone (PC AC, PC SIMV, VC AC, VC SIMV)

tidal volume (VC): 5-10 mL/kg of IBW

pressure (PC): pplat from VC, or to achieve target Vt, or less than or equal to 35 cmH2O

RR: 10-20

FiO2:

patient on room air or no prior information: 40-60%

patient currently on oxygen: set at same level prior to ventilation

PEEP:

no prior info: 2-6 cmH2O

patient currently on CPAP: set at same level prior to ventilation

to calculate ideal body weight (IBW)

50 kg + (2 x inches over 5 ft)

normal peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)

10 L/sec (600 L/min)

80% of predicted

normal airway resistance

0.6 - 2.4 cmH2O/L/sec

normal DLCO

25 mL CO/min/mmHg (STPD)

normal tidal volume

5-8 mL/kg

for patients with asthma, recommend an initial tidal volume of

4 mL/kg

initial vent settings for infant

PIP: 20-30 cmH2O

Vt: 4-6 mL/kg

RR: 20-30

FiO2:

patient on room air or no prior information: 40-60%

patient currently on oxygen: set at same level prior to ventilation

PEEP:

no prior info: 2-4 cmH2O

patient currently on CPAP: set at same level prior to ventilation

normal urine output

40 mL/hr

normal diagnostic chest percussion

resonant

normal breath sounds

vesicular

normal static lung compliance

60-100 mL/cmH2O

normal mean airway pressure (Paw)

Normal compliance and resistance 5-10 cmH2O

Obstructive disease 10-20 cmH2O

ARDS 15-30 cmH2O

normal anatomic deadspace

1 mL/lb of IBW

normal WOB

0.5 +/- 0.2 J/L

1 Hz

60 cycles/min

1 cycle/sec

normal heart sounds

S1, S2

normal intracranial pressure (ICP)

5-10 mmHg

normal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)

70-90 mmHg

normal exhaled carbon monoxide (FECO)

less than 7 for non smokers

7-10 light smokers

11-20 moderate smokers

Greater than 20 for heavy smokers

Diagnostic Chest Percussion

Resonant/Normal

Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)

70-90 mm Hg

Pulse Oximetry (SpO2)

93-97%

anatomical dead space

1 ml/lb of IBW

1 Hz

60 cycles/min or 1 cycle/sec

Work of breathing

0.5 +/- 0.2 J/L