Comprehensive Skeletal System: Joints, Movements, and Bone Conditions

flexion

Bending or decreasing the angle of the joint

extension

Straightening or increasing the angle of the joint

abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

supination

Rotation of the forearm that leads to the palm facing up

pronation

Rotation of the forearm that leads to the palm facing down

dorsiflexion

Lifting of the front of the foot so the top of the foot moves upward

plantar flexion

Lifting of the heel of the foot so the toes point downward

osteogenesis imperfecta

A genetic condition where bones fracture easily. Also known as brittle bone disease.

osteomalacia

A disease of adults that is characterized by softening of the bones

osteomyelitis

Infection in a bone

osteonecrosis

Necrosis (death) of bone tissue that comes from a lack of blood flow.

osteoma

A benign tumor where a new piece of bone grows into another piece of bone.

osteopenia

Weak bones. Comes from low bone density. May not have symptoms. Less severe than osteoporosis.

osteoporosis

Brittle bones that are subject to break easily. Comes from very low bone density.

osteosarcoma

Cancer within a bone.

Paget's disease

A disease that causes your body to generate new bone faster than normal, leading to weaker bone.