PHLT 304 EXAM 2

Circadian Rhythm

-physical mental and behavioral changed over a 24 hr period

-governed by light and dark

Master Biologic Clock

suprachiasmatic Nucleus

controls melatonin function

receives input from eyes

Teen circadian Rhythm

easy to stay up late and wake up late may not feel fully away until 9/10am

Sleep is the

third pillar of health

What happens during sleep

Removal of toxins- cerebral spinal fluid influx

integration of new information- rapid eye moving sleep

When you don’t get enough sleep

increased rick of cardio vascular disease by 300%

immune system has less anibodies

leptin(too feel full) Grellin(hungry) all out of wack

we use lean muscle instead of body fat for energy when dieting

Insulin is less effective- pre diabetes

Sleep hygine

going to bed at the same time

waking up at the same time

avoiding stimulants and screens

Insomnia and chronic insomnia

can’t go to sleep or stay asleep

chronic is 3x week for more than 3 months

Natural Selection

characteristics or behaviors that improve the likelihood of reproductive success

What effect did natural selection have on humans

Humans being social

Loneliness

discrepancy between person desired and actual social relationships

strongly linked with poor health- lack of social relationships more dangerous than smoking and drinking

Physiological Effects of loneliness

Hypothalamic- Pituitary Adrenocortical (HPA)

controls the hormone system in the body

stress response pathway

controls glucocorticoral (cortisol)

Acute stress vs Chronic

acute stress short term is helpful (fight or flight)

chronic has long term damage

CNS

central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

PNS

peripheral nervous system

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Sympathetic response efferent response

fight or flight

Parasympathetic efferent response

rest and digest -post thanksgiving

Bacterial Meningitis

caused by the bacteria Neisseria Meningitidis

sepsis brain damage and learning disability

Somatic Nervs

Control voluntary muscle actions and receives sensory input

ex hand on hot stove

Autonomic Nervs

controls glands and the involuntary muscle in the body

ex- cardiac muscle and digestion

Efferent Nurons

carry impulses from the central nervous system to the effectors (muscles and glands)

Afferent Neurons

carry impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system

Nerve impulses can only go one way

nerve impulses can only go one way

Myelin Sheath in PNS

formed by layers of the Shwann cell Membrane

healthy myelin sheath speeds up nerve impulse conduction

repair happens with tunnels in the myelin to the axon

Myelin Sheath in CND

oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheath to protect neurons

Multiple Sclerosis

auto immune disorder

body destroys myelin sheath. and platforms but the axons eventually die

risk factors include:

-epstein Barr Virus

-Vitamin D def

Parkinsons

-early onset around 60

nerve cells for dopamine are lost

tremors, stiff, unsteady, slow

often dementia later

Epilepsy

brain disorder causes seizures

caused by TBI tumor CNS inflection

4 epilepsy terms

Tonic- muscles in the body go stiff

Atonic- muscles in body relax

Mayoclonic- shorts jerk parts of body

clonic- short jerk of body

Tetanus (lock jaw)

exposure to the spore clostridium tetani

present in soil

anaerobic - not well present of oxygen

puncture wonds

Rabies

virus in the CNS

once signs appear most likely fatal