Chapter 3 : Carbohydrates + Lipids

what are carbohydrates?"

sugars

what elements make up carbohydrates?

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio

what are examples of monosaccharides?

glucose, fructose, galactose

what are examples of disaccharides?

sucrose (glucose + fructose), maltose

what are examples of polysaccharides?

glycogen, starch, cellulose

what is glycogen?

polysaccharide that stores glucose in the body for later (can store in liver)

why are polysaccharides recommended to consume?

takes body longer time to digest, which is more stable for body

are carbohydrates polar or nonpolar?

polar

are lipids polar or nonpolar?

nonpolar

what elements make up lipids?

mainly carbon and hydrogen, but also has oxygen

what are the examples of lipids?

fatty acids

glycerides

steroids

phospholipids / glycolipids

what are fatty acids?

simplest lipid that can be saturated or unsaturated

what does it mean for a fatty acid to be saturated or unsaturated?

saturated : no double bonds; more stable because it holds most amount of H and stack compactly

unsaturated : double bonds; not stable because it does not stack neatly

what is the advantage of saturated fatty acids?

heat up easier; unsaturated fats (oils) heat up too quickly and oxides / becomes unhealthy

what are glycerides?

fatty acid + glycerol

what are neutral fats?

triglycerides

what are the functions of triglycerides?

energy source

insulation

protection

what are steroids?

four=ringed carbons that make up cholesterol

what are the functions of cholesterol?

component of plasma membrane

secrete hormones

what makes up phospholipids?

diglyceride (nonpolar) attached to phosphate (polar)