3- WWI. PROPAGANDA IN 20th CENTURY (2)

propaganda by rae

The action or effect of making something known in order to attract adepts or buyers.

The german general who developed the term “total war”

Paul Von Ludendorff

Total war

as the one in with all of the resources of society, the entire physical and moral forces of the nation should be mobilized

Psychological warfare

pushing your own moral and destroying the one from the enemy through

For Violet Edwards

"propaganda is the expression of an opinion or an action by individuals or groups, deliberately aimed at influencing opinions or actions of other individuals or groups for predetermined purposes, and through psychological manipulations"

Propaganda is

the dissemination of information—facts, arguments, rumours, half-btruths, or lies—to influence public opinion.

Political propaganda

used as a weapon in the great war

the great war

• First phase (1914…mid 1915)

  Censorship and information control. Reluctance from the press. No more news than the war.

• Second ( End 1915-1916)

  Information-propaganda. Programed propaganda campaigns.

  Public Agencies/M. of information

• Third (1917-1918)

  Propaganda climax. “Atrocity Propaganda” and moral destruction of the enemy

THE BATTLE OF THE SOMME

The stage was set for what was the First World War’s most notorious cover-up conspiracy in Britain, between the press on one side and the government and the generals on the other: the battle of the Somme. It began on 1 July 1916 and would last for four-and-a-half months. Three million men fought and a million were wounded or killed. On the first day alone, 19,240 British soldiers were killed, and another 38,230 were wounded.

Information propaganda features: f.press

• further increase in circulation

• High prices of paper and little human resources

• The vigilant and critic function is abandoned.

• Harsh propaganda in alliance with Govs. (Yellow style)

• Lost of credibility

Information propaganda features: f.propaganda

• institutionalization: organized by the government

• commercial techics

• cinema as a weapon

• first experiments with black propaganda

Propaganda types in WWI

homeland and foreign

ATROCITY PROPAGANDA “KADAVERVERWERTUNGSANSTALT“

one of the most notorious anti-German atrocity propaganda stories circulated in World War I.

Trench journalism

Trench newspapers were produced for soldiers stationed at the Western Front, which had become bogged down in a trench war. They differ from the official military newspapers in that they were produced within the ranks or by private citizens. Where no printing press was available, trench papers were typed or handwritten,

Depicting the enemy

• The rule was not to minimise the power of the enemy ( because you want to show that you are beating a formidable foe)

• But also, not to demonise the enemy to the extent that you induce terror...

Woman in propaganda

• The national symbols tend to be gendered…. And also, there is a sexual element.

• Women were responsible for death and life

Film propaganda

• A perfect way to connect with the masses. Tremendously effective.

• It was the first time a combat was recorded

Recruitment propaganda

• protecting your family

• moral duty

• “you” no abstract language