Intro to Lit Final Wilcox Fall 2021

Agathon

the one being celebrated in the symposium (also the youngest); won an award; believed that love is responsible for our virtues ex: "I'm Love"

Alcibades

the one that tried to seduce socrates LMAO; was hella shit faced at the symposium

Andreas Cappelanus

author of the Art of Courtly Love

Aristophanes

the man who in "Plato's Symposium" said that humans were originally made differently. Zeus was threatened by their power, so he cut us in half. We now wander the Earth looking for our other half or "soulmate"

Arnaut Daniel

Greatest medieval troubadour, wrote the song of the art of love

Charlemagne

800 AD crowned by the Pope as the head of the Holy Roman Empire; in charge through medieval period

FEBKAK

feud exchange between kings and knights

Chrétien de Troyes

Wrote about the quest for the holy grail (king arthur literature)

Eleanor of Aquitaine

(later 1200 ish) the birth of courtly love; less risks for King and Country; more impressing the queen which is romantic. Romance tales are meant to impress her.

Geoffrey Chaucer

wrote The Canterbury Tales; the rediscovery of written English

Ibn Zaydun

Lyrics focus on lovesick, fate, your other half, etc.

Kate Chopin

wrote the storm, regional writer of Louisiana

Marie de Champagne

princess; Eleanor's daughter

Marie De France

writer; wrote 1st romances, earliest example of female English writer

Ovid

wrote Metamorphoses and the art of love all about swooning women; roman; lots of women read his work

Phaedrus

first speaker in the symposium; second youngest there; love is the oldest god (Eros) aka love is ancient

Plato

told stories through dialogue; philosopher; student of socrates

Sappho

lived on the island of lesbos, poet at the same time as homer, and considered the greatest poet of Greece

Socrates

teacher of Plato; perfect embodiment of philosophy

Vladimir Propp

Developed the structural interpretation of myth in his study of Russian folktales aka "Morphology of the Folktale"; he saw a recurrent, unchanging, temporal pattern applicable to all Russian folktales.

3 formal genres

prose, poetry, and drama

William IX

1st troubadour poet; duke of Aquitaine

Anachronism

"outside time", speaking of events that could not have occurred in their time

Antiquity

period where roman institutions survived; right before the "dark ages"

Arabic (Arab) v Islamic (Muslim)

muslim is religion and arabic is linguistic

not all muslims speak arabic; not all arabs are muslim.

Archaic

old fashioned words; using words out of time

Ballad

story told in story; typically short stanzas

Courtly love

love as if it was spoken of in the courts

Dialogue, including as means for revealing truth

speaking between people

Euphemism

something too blunt to be said, so it is lightened with a different phrase

Feudal

relating to a system in which people (called "vassals") were given protection and the use of land, in return for loyalty, payments, and services to a lord

Frame Narrative

a story within a story; characters telling stories inside of an overall story

Function

stable, constant, repetitive patterns in folktales

Genre

class or category of artistic work

Ghazal

love poem or song; hymn like; written in capulets; deeply sensual about desire

Hyperbole

a very heavy poetic exaggeration

Kaaba

at the center of Islam's most important mosque; embroidered poetry on the walls

Kān wa kān

"time before time" aka the origin of "once upon a time"

Lay (the medieval genre, lai in French)

long, narrative poems (lanval and laustic) typically, about knights doing things for queens, etc.

Medieval

the land once occupied by the Western Roman Empire

Morphology

study of functions of words

Ode

a poem or song addressed to a certain person or thing; celebrates in excited language

Parody, Satire

making fun of something; using irony to deliver opposite of expectation

Platonism

views ideas as independent

Rhetoric

study of persuasive speech

Symposium (generally)

philosophical drinking party

Torah, 5 books of Torah (in order, correctly spelled), languages of the Torah

1. Genesis

2. Exodus

3. Leviticus

4. Numbers

5. Deuteronomy

(language is in Hebrew)

Troubadour

Traveling minstrel lyricists who sang of love and romance, assisting the development of the European vernacular literatures.

Vernacular

Everyday language of ordinary people

Wasf

Erotic poem, describes physical features of one's lover from head to toe or vice versa in highly symbolic, metaphorical language

Fabliau is a ____

parody of romance

genres of the new testament

epistles, gospels, apocalypses

tales like Fabliau are written by who for who?

tales are for the nobility by the nobility

4 things we learned from folktalkes that vladmir propp said

1. functions are stable

2. functions appear in the same pattern

3. number of functions are limited

4. Russian folktales have one master plot

Chansons de gestes

songs of actions, doing stuff on behalf on king and country

John Steinbeck

The Chrysanthemums, regional writer of California

Diotima

socrates's teacher of love; believed that love seeks the younger one and love expresses itself through pregnancy; love is about the desire of a person aka beauty or wisdom

difference between fabliau and romance

romance is serious while fabliau is a comedy; romance is in a land far away and once upon a time while fabliau is here and now; romance is high class while fabliau is common people

compare between romance and fabliau

both have conventions of romance, from medieval France, same audience, and same storyteller

foundational conventions

euphemism, hyperbole, lovesick, sight

greeks and plato

the soulmate, the other half, love is religion, love is hunt, love is war, ideal man, meet by accident or fate, love at first sight, love is "meant to be", and magic.

Romans and Ovid conventions

man and a woman, adultery/previous commitment, secrets, love notes, deception against each other, intermediaries, jealousy, rhetoric, advice from a friend, big speech, and alcohol.

3 things a man needs according to ovid

looks, wealth, or rhetoric

conventions of Arabic

once upon a time and love songs (also VERY popular for poetry!!!!!!!)

conventions of Christianity

devout, chaste, woman refuses entreaties from man, and stories end tragically or comically. (death or marriage)

conventions of medieval

pale, blonde, queen, noble/courteous, in a land far far away, man like a "knight" or "fool", kept apart by social class, man performs valiant acts, token gifts, promises, stalking, love as a game, in the vernacular, wealth and social class

christian virtues

Faith, hope, and charity

aramic

jesus's native language

William I

duke of Normandy who became the king of England

goose, geese

example of an "old" plural noun that changes

hand, hands

example of a "newer" plural noun that does not change

write, wrote

example of a verb using "old english"

play, played

example of a verb using "newer english"

Anglo-Saxon

"old english"

Romance languages

French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portuguese

what do we mean by "medieval?"

France, Italy, Germany, Ireland, Britain, and the "low" countries

public

knight and king ceremonies were _______

Augustine

Caesar's nephew; first emperor of Rome; sex was ALWAYS a sin

achilles and patroclus

the greeks' ideal lovers; sacrificed for each other; strongest bond of love was between boy and man

Koine Greek

new testament of the bible was written in this language

bacchus

aka Dionysus in greek aka the god of wine/alcohol aka besties with cupid aka Eros aka aphrodite's son aka Ovid said he is cupid's bff

Eros/Cupid

son of Aphrodite, god of love

aphrodite/venus

goddess of love; a hunter

First Wave Feminism

suffrage

second wave feminism

institutional

third wave feminsim

intersectionality/sex and gender

the great vowel change/shift

english speakers changed how they pronounce their vowels; what we use today

coming of age story

epiphanies (waking up moment); character goes through major event and learns something