PSY 1001 Final University of Minnesota

Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered abnormal because it creates __________.

impairment

At a crowded park, Kayla sees an old man clutching his heart and stumbling. If Kayla assumes that someone else will help the old man, she is experiencing the phenomenon known as ___________.

diffusion of responsibility

Damage to Broca's area may result in which of the following?

inability to produce speech

After studying in the U.S. for three years, Angel can still vividly remember every single details of the farewell party that her friends and classmates gave the day before she left. It was a very emotional event for her. Her vivid and detailed memory of this farewell party may be due to ___________.

flashbulb memory

Edward would be the first to say that people of all races should be treated equally, but he unconsciously acts differently around people of a different race than his own. Edwards behaviors are best explained by ____________.

aversive racism

Tania believes that the CIA is trying to control her thoughts. She has put aluminum foil over the windows of her room to block the rays that she believes the CIA is beaming into her brain. Tania's fixed false belief is known as a ___________.

delusion

Pam is very dependable, disciplined and hardworking. She pays attention to details and always gets her assignments in on time; she is always punctual. Her desk is neat as a pin, and all her papers are well-organized. But she is irritable and suspicious, a bit difficult to work with. She isn't quite sure whom she should trust. It would seem that Pam is_____________.

high in conscientiousness and low in agreeableness

Compared to healthy individuals, an individual with unipolar depression may __________________.

appear to be under chronic high stress

Jenny is 75 years old. Based on what researchers have found about fluid and crystallized intelligence, one would predict that_______________________________.

Jenny will have more accumulated knowledge of the world than when she was younger.

Lithium is often used as an effective treatment for____.

Bipolar disorder

Which of the following is true of the classic Robber's Cave study by Sherif and Sherif (1967)?

It demonstrated that when the in-group and out-group mentality are formed, prejudice and hostility are likely to follow

Which of the following is an advantage of the nomothetic approach over the idiographic approach?

The nomothetic approach provides more generalizability.

Dr. Forest is "old school." He believes that there is no such thing as "sort of" having schizophrenia. In his opinion, either someone has schizoyphrenia or does not have it. Period. Evidently Dr Forest _______________________.

agrees with an approach to the diagnosis of mental disorders that uses categorical classification.

In the past, a few patients suffering from epilepsy so severe they could not live normal lives underwent split-brain surgery to alleviate their seizures. In this surgery, the patient's ________________ was severed.

corpus callosum

Which of the following statements would NOT be characteristic of the thinking style of someone with depression?

I need to study harder to prepare for my next exam in Psy 1001. How can I find the time to do that?

To answer a research question, psychologists might collect data from lots of people, then analyze it to find the trends that they have in common. In other words, they are using specific examples to determine a general rule. According to lecture, these psychologists are using what kind of reasoning?

Inductive

Mike is a very skilled basketball player. When his girlfriend and her friends stopped by to cheer him on during a basketball game with his friends, Mike's performance ________ due to what Zajonc calls ____________.

improved; social facilitation

To a Developmental Psychologist, behavior that "resilient" is __________________.

behavior that each member of the species will develop even in widely different situations

After his brain was damaged in a car accident, patient TD was unable to identify the emotion of "fear" in photos of faces expressing different emotions. This behavior suggests that TD's brain damage included the ____________________?

amygdala

According to Spearman, ________ intelligence that produces the positive correlations found between vocabulary, spatial ability, and verbal reasoning tests.

General

Glen volunteers his time at an animal shelter for a few hours a week, walking the dogs and cleaning up the mess around their kennels. Karla has a part-time job at the shelter, and she gets paid to do the same dirty work. According to cognitive dissonance theory, who will be happier about cleaning up after the dogs?

Glen

Inspired by the events of World War II, which famous study looked at the question of whether ordinary people would obey the orders of leaders to the point of committing atrocities against innocent people?

The Milgram Obedience Study

In the neuron, the branchlike extensions for receiving information from other neurons are the ___________________.

dendrites

According to the research on the primacy effect, if your father read you a list of 10 items to pick up at the hardware store you would most easily recall those items

from early in the list.

What type of psychologist works with teachers, parents, and children to improve students' learning difficulties?

School Psychologist

Hakan has lost interest in all things--friendship, work, hobbies, dating--and he doesn't even seem bothered by the fact that he has no job, no goals, no get up and go. A clinical psychologist might diagnose Hakan's striking lack of interest as _______________.

a negative symptom of schizophrenia

Dr. OIshi predicts that if people are observed while they perform a complex task they will make more errors. Dr. Oishi's prediction is an example of ______________________.

a hypothesis

Memorizing a list of numbers (133118904518399) is easier if:

we assign some meaning to the units of information.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of Allports idiographic levels of organization from LEAST salient/characteristic and LEAST pervasive to MOST salient/characteristic and MOST pervasive?

Secondary, Central, Cardinal

A __________ attribution looks at __________ factors, while a __________ attribution looks at __________ factors.

situational; external : dispositional; internal

What did Harlow's research demonstrate about infants' attachment to their mothers?

They are based on comfort and touch.

Manipulating a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observing the changes in a second variable defines ____________________.

experimental approach

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional discomfort or __________.

distress

A highly vivid and detailed emotional memory that retains its vividness yet which may change its details over time ______________________.

is known as a flashbulb memory

True or False?
Stereotypes stem from adaptive psychological processes that help us streamline information processing.

True

Maeve has been diagnosed with clinical depression. Compared to her friends (who are not depressed), Maeve may _______________________.

appear to be under chronic high stress.

0.2 / 0.2 pts
Researchers recruited 30,000 nurses over the age of 60 to participate in a long-term study to determine whether taking vitamin supplements resulted in better health outcomes. Over fifteen years, half were provided with a daily vitamin and half received a placebo. Neither the researchers nor the participants knew who was receiving the daily vitamin. After fifteen years, researchers gathered health outcomes for all the nurses. This study is a nice example of ________________________.

a double-blind study

Because Ken's history professor was a college student during the 1970s, he has extraordinary insight and knowledge of facts concerning the Vietnam War era. This knowledge is associated with the term _______________.

crystallized intelligence.

Classical conditioning responses are _________ and in operant conditioning responses are ___________,

elicited, emitted

In the TV car ad, the music swells as the shiny sporty sedan races along a twisting mountain road. The music makes the viewer feel excited and happy. The car maker hopes that the viewers of the ad will experience the same happy feelings about this car when the viewer shops for a new car. If the ad is successful, the shiny sporty sedan will have become ______________________.

conditioned stimulus

Attributions that are internal, stable and global are associated with _______________________.

Depression

Patient DF suffers from a severe form of visual agnosia after carbon monoxide poisoning. She is unable to consciously judge the orientation of a slot when asked to align a card and a slot, but she is still able to perform an action related task ("post the letter") which is consistent with which of the following statements?

The parietal lobe seems to be able to operate without conscious awareness.

Autism is now understood in all of the following ways EXCEPT _____________.

autism is caused by maternal deprivation

Alan (an inexperienced pool player) and Ben (an experienced player) were playing a game of pool at the local bar. A group of girls came over to watch them. Based on what Social Psychologists have learned about "social facilitation" you would predict that ______________ with other people watching them.

Alan's performance will get worse and Ben's performance will improve.

In this lecture, Dr. Kuncel spoke about the relationship between intelligence at age 13 and levels of achievement 25 years later. What was his main point about this line of research?

Higher levels of intelligence at age 13 predict greater levels of achievement years.

According to our lecturer, what drives specialization of language to the left hemisphere of the brain?

experience

When an individual's attitudes do not match up with his/her behaviors, ________ is likely to occur.

cognitive dissonance

A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point. The person is engaging in __________ thinking

divergent

In one study, participants rated the emotions of the central figure in a group. When asked if their rating of the central figure was influenced by the emotions expressed by the surrounding people.....

72% of participants from a collectivist culture (Japan) said, yes, they were influenced by the surrounding faces

As discussed in lecture, when neurons are compared to other cells in the body, neurons are found to...

Conduct electrical signals

Harlow conducted his research on children's attachments to their mothers using ___________.

Monkeys

Signals along the WHAT pathway from the occipital lobe to the temporal lobe produces ________________________________.

information about the identity of an object

A group of engineers was asked to create a more useful dashboard for cars. All of the members, except for one, put forth much effort. The individual who choose not to work very diligently knew that the other members of the group would pick up his slack. In the end, their hard work paid off. The group's new dashboard was named design of the month by the company, and all members of the team got a monetary bonus. Social psychologists would consider the behavior of the individual who let others do the work (but who still reaped the rewards) as an example of _____________.

Social Loafing

Jani is an 18-year old college freshman. During the past month, she has missed most of her classes because she has trouble getting out of bed in the morning. She can't concentrate, and she isn't doing her homework. She blames herself for all this; She is convinced that she is too stupid and lazy to do ever do well in college, and she is going to fail in everything she tries. Jani's symptoms are most consistent with those seen in:

Major Depressive Disorder

In lecture, we saw a clip from a 1940s film in which a woman is stalked as she walks down a dark alley at night. We hear her footsteps-click, click, click-and experience her nervousness. She turns to look behind her, and suddenly a bus enters the screen from the opposite side. The bus doors open with a sharp hiss. The audience screams!! The audience's exaggerated response--the "bus effect"--illustrates

the fear-potentiated startle response.

Which ethical requirement of research was not present in the Tuskegee experiment, where nearly 400 African American men were exposed to syphilis and denied treatment for its symptoms?

Informed Consent

A feature associated with Autism, but not among the core symptoms required for a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is ___________.

Seizure Disorder

Homelessness and substance abuse are positively correlated. In the USA, policy analysts argue that alcoholism is a major cause of homelessness. In France, policy analysts argue that having no permanent home causes people to drink too much alcohol. Who is right?

Neither, since correlation doesn't equal causation

Dr. Federico studies how the attitudes held by members of your social group influence your political judgments. Dr. Federico is likely to be a ______________________ psychologist.

social

Which of the following researchers work was the most influential in shaping our understanding of conformity?

Solomon Asch

People living under stressful conditions tend to get sick more often than they would otherwise. How do researchers in psychoneuroimmunology explain this phenomenon?

The stress response reduces immune system functioning, thus making us more vulnerable to diseases.

The excitement was high and the crowd of fans was huge. After beating Iowa and taking back the Floyd the pig trophy, thousands of Gopher fans swarmed the field, climbing on the goal posts, yelling, screaming, and taking their clothes off. To social psychologists, this behavior of normally mild-mannered UM students is an example of __________, a loosening of self-restraints when anonymous in a large crowd.

deindividuation

Louis is very scared of snakes, he cannot even look at pictures of snakes. Which type of the following would be most likely to help Louis?

Exposure therapy

A group of 10 friends rented five canoes and floated down the St. Croix from Taylor Falls to Osceola. Most drifted happily with the current, but Ray (who is described by his friends as "hard driving, ambitious and impatient") paddled hard to "win" what he thought of as a race. Given his "Type A" personality, Ray might be at higher risk for ______________ than his easy-going friends.

coronary heart disease

A man was being treated for drug addiction. He was exposed repeatedly to drug paraphernalia, the people, money--all of things that he had learned to associate with the drug use and resulting drug high--without actually using the drug. This process, called desensitization, makes use of ___________ to treat addiction.

extinction

For no reason, Matthew started to pay special attention to a girl named Madison, a girl in his homeroom class, from the first day of school. This is one example of the ________ principle of attraction and relationship formation.

Proximity

In answering this, and all other questions for this exam, you are making use of..

retrieval.

Which of the following would be an example of an obsession?

Mary is distressed because she just can't stop thinking about all the germs in her environment that might make her dirty.

Which of the following best illustrates the adaptive value of emotion?

When an animal threatened her infant son, Maya's fright gave her the strength to grab him and run like the wind to safety.

It is not unreasonable to assume that in the Middle Ages, signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by__________.

demons

In an emergency, individuals may fail to help. They may be unsure whether the situation is really an emergency. They may not know that they are responsible, especially when other people are around. This psychological phenomena is known as _______________.

Bystander Effect

Damage to Wernicke's area is likely to affect which of the following?

ability to comprehend speech

Gerald hears voices inside his head that tell him that he needs to leave the hospital where he has been placed for treatment. Gerald's voices are an example of a ___________.

hallucination

A group of friends get together to plan a vacation that will allow expression of their personalities. They are all high in conscientiousness and low in extroversion. Based on the Big Five model of personality, as reviewed during discussion sections, one predicts that the plan they develop will let them...

be well-organized and structured, but it won't include a lot of opportunities to meet new people.

Random assignment is an important component of an experiment because it _______________________

cancels out preexisting differences between groups

Ted is personable, charming and engaging but when people get to know him better, they find that he is also dishonest, manipulative and self-centered. Given this distinctive set of personality traits, Ted might be diagnosed as __________.

a Psychopathic personality

Research indicates that some people's schizophrenia may result from abnormalities in the brain's receptor sites for what neurotransmitter?

Dopamine

In the beer ad, the bikini-clad beauty sits on the beach and drinks a Budweiser. The advertiser hopes that their target market will be aroused by the semi-naked beauty and begin to experience a similar sense of desire when they see the beer. In this simple, classic ad, the unconditioned response is

arousal

In one study, 95% of subjects judged that Tom W. was more likely to study computer science than education after reading a character sketch that described him with adjectives used to stereotype people in computer science (orderly, intelligent, more interested in things than people, unimaginative and practical.) The subjects in this study did not consider that there are three times more education students than computer science students! This failure to consider base rates and to judge someone based on a stereotype is typical of which of the following:

the Representativeness heuristic.

When Sam went looking for a new car, he met a beautiful saleswoman who described the beauty of the car and the flashiness, and how good Sam would look driving it. She did not mention the poor gas mileage, the exorbitant price, and the poor road performance. Sam made a snap decision to buy the car from the persuasive saleswoman. Sam was using which alternative pathway in making a decision?

The peripheral route

Parental investment theory suggests that men place more emphasis on the ______ of a potential mate than women do.

Attractiveness

Which of the following statements illustrates the thinking style of someone with depression?

Things are terrible, they will always be terrible, and it's all my fault.

Etta's face is pale. Her heart is pounding. She is breathing fast, her pupils are dilated, and, if someone startled her right now, she would probably "jump out of her skin." All these symptoms of anxiety are associated with which area of Etta's brain?

amygdala

As discussed in lectures and discussion sections, models of intelligence that include "g" are based on the observation that:

scores on various tests of mental ability tend to correlate positively.

The diathesis-stress model proposes that people develop mental disorders __________________________.

due to interacting biological vulnerability and environmental factors.

Recently, 94-year old Dr. Goodenough and his team at the University of Texas at Austin filed a patent for a new kind of battery that might revolutionize electric cars. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.A newspaper report described the battery as "blazingly creative" because ____?

the new battery is both novel and appropriate.

Today's news-feed included a video taken by a passenger on an All Nippon Airways flight just before departure from Tokyo. In the video, a man wearing a red-patterned shirt punches another man and then evades a female flight attendant before leaving the plane and punching the gate attendant. The videographer commented that the airline staff "did the best they could to defuse the situation" Given findings from meta-analysis on cultural differences in aggression, you can guess that the physically aggressive passenger was _________.

from an individualistic culture such as America.

Which of the following is an example of belief perseverance?

Although 98% of scientists are convinced that global climate change is happening, Senator Headinsand dismisses their evidence and pays attention only to the 2% who agree with his belief that global climate change is not happening.

Competing for scarce resources (water, food, shelter) ______________.

will increase inter-group hostility and prejudice.

What type of psychologists are trained to perform assessments and conduct research on people with mental disorders?

clinical psychologists

Shreen is diagnosed with schizophrenia. She believes that she is a powerful person who can save the world. Shreen is experiencing __________.

delusions of grandeur

William James is considered a founding father of psychology because....?

He defined questions that have dominated psychology ever since.

The part of the cerebral cortex that plays a role in hearing, language comprehension, and object identification is ____________.

temporal lobe

Ron Swanson heads the Parks and Rec department. His friends would describe him as practical and down-to-earth. He doesn't daydream and doesn't enjoy discussions about art or philosophy. However, he is cooperative, respects authority, is sympathetic to the feelings of others and avoids imposing his will on others. Based on these traits, Ron might score _______________________ on the BFAS.

Low on Openness, High on Agreebleness

The Dutton & Aron bridge study tested the two-factor theory of emotion; an attractive female confederate interviewed male undergraduates at the University of British Columbia after they had crossed either a sturdy low bridge (the control condition) or swaying bridge suspended 200 feet above a river (the arousal condition). The two-factor theory was supported when...

the men attributed the arousal caused by the swaying bridge to the attractiveness of the confederate.

According to the book, infants with what kind of attachment style are more likely to be disliked and mistreated by peers later in childhood?

Anxious

The Ames room, in which people are seen to get small or enlarge as they move about, demonstrates that our perception of the world depends strongly on ________________.

the assumptions we make about the world.

Over the past decade, the United States has grown increasing divided politically. The internet permits individuals to communicate only with those who support their views, a process that tends to strengthen the dominant positions held by group members. This process is known as ___________.

group polarization

You have been told that people from Texas are more politically conservative than other Americans. So when you meet Raoul, who was born and raised in Texas, you assume that he must be very conservative and treat him accordingly. Which lesson from statistics have you failed to remember?

Be careful making inferences about individuals based on their group membership.

Approximately what percentage of the general population will experience schizophrenia?

Less than 1%