sound, audio, basic elements and principles of sound and sound design

a mechanical disturbance or vibration coming through an elastic medium

sound

sound is produced when a wave of vibration travels through the

three matters

the three matters

1. solid

2. liquid

3. gas

the movement of molecules vibrating from one another is known as

mechanical movement

sound cannot travel through a

vacuum

measure of sound

frequency

more measure of soundwaves means a ______

higher frequency

lower measure of soundwaves means a ______

low frequency

this frequency range can be heard by human ears

20 Hz - 20,000 Hz

volume is quantified by

decibels

sound below 20 Hz is known as

infrasound

sound above 20,000 Hz is known as

ultrasound

the recording of a sound

audio

______ can be manipulated or edited

audio

audio is made up of _______ energy

electrical

linear or horizontal presentation of pitch, the highness and lowness

melody

do, re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do

melody

concept of combining different sounds together to create a new, distinct musical idea

harmony

a strong, regular, repeated pattern of movement of sound, how we place our notes in time

rhythm

two elements of time in music

1. duration

2. tempo

how long a sound or silence lasts

duration

speed of the beat or music

tempo

tempo is measured in

bpm (beats per minute)

loudness or quietness of sound of music

dynamics

determine what specific part of dynamics is being described

soft

piano

determine what specific part of dynamics is being described

medium soft

mezzo-piano

determine what specific part of dynamics is being described

very soft

pianissimo

determine what specific part of dynamics is being described

loud

forte

determine what specific part of dynamics is being described

medium loud

mezzo-forte

determine what specific part of dynamics is being described

very loud

fortissimo

determine what specific part of dynamics is being described

increase in loudness

crescendo

determine what specific part of dynamics is being described

decrease in loudness

decrescendo

decrescendo is also known as

diminuendo

equality of the sounds

timbre

timbre is also called

tone color

the same notes may have different quality

timbre

bright, distorted, smooth, heavy, sharp, wobbly, soft, etc. are all under the dynamic of

timbre

techniques for combining types of sound

1. mixing

2. pace

3. transition

determine what sound combining technique is being described

combination, balance, and control of multiple sound elements. combining different sounds then adjusting the audio level

mixing

determine what sound combining technique is being described

control of time, equivalent to tempo. can be slow or fast

pace

determine what sound combining technique is being described

_____ connotes speed

pace

terminologies of pace

1. largo

2. adagio

3. andante

4. moderato

5. allegro

6. presto

determine what type of pace is being described

means “broadly”. very slow, about 40-60 bpm

largo

determine what type of pace is being described

slowly but with great expression, about 60-72 bpm

adagio

determine what type of pace is being described

a ‘walking pace’, about 72-84 bpm

andante

determine what type of pace is being described

moderate speed, about 85-110 bpm

moderato

determine what type of pace is being described

fast, quick, and bright. about 110-140 bpm

allegro

determine what type of pace is being described

very, very fast; above or around 140 bpm

presto

blending or merging two or more audio tracks or clips to ensure smooth flow

transition

types of transition

1. segue

2. cross-fade

3. v-fade

4. fade to black

5. water fall

determine what type of transition is being described

one element stops, and another begins. no special effects; just cutting

segue

determine what type of transition is being described

one element fades out, the next fades in, and they overlap on the way

cross-fade

determine what type of transition is being described

first element fades to inaudible before the second element begins

v-fade

determine what type of transition is being described

v-fade with some silence between elements

fade to black

determine what type of transition is being described

as the first element fades out, the second element begins at full volume

water fall