PARASITOLOGY 2

intestinal nematodes

family; ascaris lumbricoides

intestinal nematodes

family; enterobius vermicularis

ascaris lumbricoides

common name; giant intestinal roundworm

ascaris lumbricoides

disease; ascariasis

airborne, wandering or erratic worm

MOT; ascaris lumbricoides

ascaris lumbricoides

features; female: 20-35cm; male: 15-25cm

ascaris lumbricoides

features; creamy-white or pinkish-yellow

ascaris lumbricoides

features; unfertilized egg - decorticated; no mamillations - disorganized

ascaris lumbricoides

features; fertilized eg - corticated; mammillated - organized

ascaris lumbricoides

features; larvae: 1.4-1.8mm

chickens

host for ascaris lumbricoides

ascaris pneumotitis

condition when blood accumulates and initiates edema which clogs air spaces; accumulations of WBCs and dead epithelium add to congestion

loeffler's pneumonia

other name for ascaris pneumotitis

ascaris lumbricoides

pathology; elicit inflammatory response; transplacental

ascaris lumbricoides

pathology; normal worm: malnutrition, cognitive impairment, rashes, asthma, insomnia, restlessness, diarrhea, loss of appetite, massive infection causing intestinal blockage

ascaris lumbricoides

pathology; wandering worm: due to overcrowding it goes downstream, upstream; suffocation; otitis media

mebendazole

drug of choice for ascaris lumbricoides

pyrantel pamoate

alternative drug of choice for ascaris lumbricoides

enterobius vermicularis

common name: pinworm

enterobius vermicularis

common name: seatworm

enterobius vermicularis

disease; enterobiasis

enterobius vermicularis

disease; intense per-anal itching

airborne, fecal- oral

MOT; enterobius vermicularis

enterobius vermicularis

features; female: 8-13mm; male: 2-5mm

enterobius vermicularis

features; egg: d-shaped (hyaline albuminous layer and lipoidal layer); whitish brownish adult

embryonated eggs

infective stage; enterobius vermicularis

eggs on perianal folds

diagnostic stage; enterobius vermicularis

enterobius vermicularis

features; 1 worm deposits 4600-16000 eggs; females die after oviposition; males die after copulation

enterobius vermicularis

pathology; damage w/in the intestine (minute ulcerations)

enterobius vermicularis

pathology; damage resulting from egg despoliation around the anus

enterobius vermicularis

pathology: pruritus ani

enterobius vermicularis

pathology; restlessness, 1/3 are asymptomatic

; wander into the vulva, vagina, uterus, oviducts (salphingitis)

scotch tape swab method

dx for enterobius vermicularis

mebendazole, vermox

drugs for enterobius vermicularis

hookworms

family; necator americanus

hookworms

family; ancylostoma doudenate

hookworms

family; ancylostoma braziliense

hookworms

family; ancylostoma caninum

necator americanus

common name; american hookworm

necator americanus

common name; american murderer

necator americanus

common name; new world hookworm

necator americanus

common name; american killer

necator americanus

disease; necatoriasis

skin penetration

MOT; necator americanus

necator americanus

has a life span of 3-5 years

ancylostoma doudenale

common name; old world hookworm

ancylostoma doudenale

disease; serious anemia in miners

oral route, skin penetration

MOT; ancylostoma duodenale

ancylostoma doudenale

features; males: 8-11mm long; females: 10-13mm long

ancylostoma doudenale

features; 10-30 thousand eggs/day

ancylostoma doudenale

features; eggs: colorless w/ 2-8 germ balls

ancylostoma doudenale

features; armed with cutting plates and teeth and lancets; lips are reduced or absent

filariform larvae

ancylostoma doudenale; infective stage

eggs in feces

ancylostoma doudenale; diagnostic stage

rhabditiform larvae

ancylostoma doudenale; feeding stage (1-2 days)

freezing and desiccation

anclystoma duodenal prevention and control

ancylostoma braziliense

common name; dog hookworm

ancyoostoma braziliense

cats

ancylostoma braziliense

disease; cutaneous larva migrans

skin penetration

MOT; ancylostoma braziliense

filariform larvae

infective stage; ancylostoma braziliense

eggs in feces

diagnostic stage; ancylostoma braziliense

ancylostoma caninum

disease; creeping eruption or cutaneous larva migrans

ancylostoma caninum

disease; eosinophilic enteritis (EE)

skin penetration

MOT; ancylostoma caninum

ancylostoma caninum

features; most common hookworm of domestic dogs

ancylostoma caninum

features; heavy infections may lead to severe protein deficiency (hypoalbuminemia)

ancylostoma caninum

features; desire to eat soil (geophagy)

ancylostoma caninum

features; pulmonary lesions like pneumonia or loeffler's syndrome may indicate severe infections

ancylostoma caninum

features; urticaria reaction; ground itch or coolie itch

coolie itch

localized itching

filariform larvae

infective stage: ancylostoma caninum

eggs in feces

diagnostic stage; ancylostoma caninum

<25 N

ancylostoma caninum americanus = no symptoms

25-100

ancylostoma caninum light symptoms

100-500

ancylostoma caninum moderate symptoms

500-1000

ancylostoma caninum severe and gross damage

1000 or more

ancylostoma caninum fatal

ancylostoma caninum

cutaneous or invasion phase* via tiny cracks, between skin scales or hair follicles; very little damage

N. americanus (0.03ml/day is lost)

A. doudenale (0.26ml/day is lost)

0.03ml/day is lost

0.26ml/day is lost

intestinal nematodes

family; strongyloides stercoralis

intestinal nematodes

family; trichuris trichiura

intestinal nematodes

family; capillaria philippinensis

strongyloides stercoralis

disease; strongyloidiasis

strongyloides stercoralis

disease; cochin-china diarrhea

strongyloides stercoralis

common name; threadworm

strongyloides stercoralis

one of smallest nematodes, also infects dogs and cats aside from humans

trans-mammary infection in humans and dogs, free-living or parasitic

MOT; strongyloides stercoralis

strongyloides stercoralis

features; parthenogenetic females: 2.0-2.5mm males: 0.9mm long

strongyloides stercoralis

features; females produce ova w/o male

strongyloides stercoralis

features; capable of autoinfection or can multiply within the host: life span of 40 years

filariform larvae

infective stage; strongyloides stercoralis

rhabditiform larvae

diagnostic stage; strongyloides stercoralis

thiabendazole

TX for strongyloides stercoralis

smelly urine

side effect of thiabendazole

harada-mori culture

DX for strongyloides stercoralis

strongyloides stercolaris

pathology; a. filariform larvae

1. Petechial Hemorrhages

2. Pruritis

3. Brochopneumonia

4. Leucocytosis and Eosinophilia

strongyloides stercolaris

pathology; B. Adult Parasitic Form

1. Destruction of intestinal mucosa

2. Watery or mucoidal diarrhea alternated w/ constipation

3. Dehydration of Tissues

trichuris trichiura

common name; whipworm

trichuris trichiura

disease; trichiuriasis