Head and Neck: The Skull

List the bones of the face

Zygomatic

• Lacrimal
• Nasal
• Vomer
• Palatine
• Maxilla
• Mandible

List the bones that form the orbit

Frontal bone
-Zygomatic bone
-Maxilla
-Lacrimal bone
-Ethmoid
-Palatine
-Sphenoid

List the four different fontanels-anterior fontanel
posterior fontanel
sphenoid fontanel
mastoid fontanel

List the groups of paranasal sinuses

ethmoidal sinuses
-frontal sinus
-maxillary sinuses
-sphenoidal sinuses

List the three cranial fossae-anterior cranial fossa
middle cranial fossa
posterior cranial fossa

List the three nasal conchae found on each side of the nasal cavity.-superior
middle
inferior

Through what opening of the sphenoid does the optic nerve pass?-Optic foramen

Through what openings do the olfactory nerves pass?-cribriform foramina

What are sutures?-Areas where the cranial bones have joined together

What are the ascending, posterior regions of the mandible?-rami

What are the functions of the fontanels?-Facilitates birth and allows for growth

What are the smooth, rounded projections on the left and right sides of this large opening?-Occipital condyles

What are the two corners of the mandible?-angle of mandible

What are the two main divisions of the skeleton?-axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

What are the two main divisions of the skull?-cranium and face

What articulation can be seen running along the midline?-Sagittal suture

What bone forms part of the cavaria, the forehead, and the roof of the orbits?-Frontal bone

What bone forms the anterior, medial orbital wall?-lacrimal bones

What bone forms the posterior portion of the skull and the base of the cranium?-Occipital bone

What bone holds the upper teeth and forms the anterior two thirds of the hard palate and the floor of the orbit?-maxilla

What bone of the skull has a butterfly-shape and unites the cranial and facial bones?-Sphenoid bone

What bone of the skull lies between the orbits and forms the anteromedial floor of the carnium?-Ethmoid bone

What bones form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

Ethmoid bones

• Maxilla
• Inferior nasal conchae
• Palatine bones
• Lacrimal bones

What bones make up the cranial cavity?

Frontal

• Parietal
• Temporal
• Occipital
• Sphenoid
• Ethmoid

What bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?

Maxilla - palatine process

• Palatine - horizontal plate

What bones make up the roof of the nasal cavity?

Ethmoid - cribriform plate
-Frontal bone
-Sphenoid bone

What bones occasionally appear within the sutures of the skull?-Sutural bones

What bones of the face form the bridge of the nose?-nasal bones

What bony enclosure surrounding the nasolacrimal duct?-nasolacrimal canal

What bony process projects anteriorly from the temporal bone toward the zygomatic bone?-Zygomatic process

What bony projections of the zygomatic bones contribute to the zygomatic arches?-Temporal process

What bony prominence can be easily palpated on the midline of the occipital bone?-External occipital protuberance

What bony prominence can be found on the internal aspect of the posterior occipital bone?-Internal occipital protuberance

What cavities lie within the frontal bone?-frontal sinuses

What cavities lie within the sphenoid?-sphenoidal sinuses

What cavity hold the eyeballs?-orbits

What cavity within the cranium holds the brain?-cranial cavity

What depression in the lacrimal bone holds the lacrimal sac?-Lacrimal groove

What facial bone articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid to form the nasal septum?-vomer

What feature appears between the condylar and coronoid processes?-mandibular notch

What fontanel is found on the anterior portion of the midline on the superior aspect of the skull?-anterior fontanel

What fontanel is found on the anterior, lateral aspect of the skull?-Sphenoid fontanel

What fontanel is found on the posterior portion of the midline on the superior aspect of the skull?-posterior fontanel

What fontanel is found on the posterior, lateral aspect of the skull?-mastoid fontanel

What horizontal structure of the ethmoid separates the cranial and nasal cavities?-cribriform plate

What is a synonym for "skullcap"?-Calvaria

What is a synonym for the brow ridge?-Superciliary arches

What is a synonym for the zygomatic bones?-cheekbones

What is the anatomical term for the softspots in a baby's skull?-fontanels

What is the bony enclosure of this depression?-Sella turcica

What is the flat, posterior region of the occipital bone?-squamous part

What is the horizontal portion of the mandible?-body

What is the joint between the mandible and the temporal bone?-temporomandibular joint

What is the large, circular opening for the spinal cord?-Foramen magnum

What is the only bone of the lower jaw?-mandible

What is the opening for cranial nerve XII?-Hypoglossal canal

What is the opening for the ear?-external auditory canal

What is the posterior region of the temporal bone?-mastoid region

What is the prominent projection of the mandible does the temporalis insert on?-coronoid process

What is the scroll-shaped bone of the inferior, lateral wall of the nasal cavity?-inferior nasal concha

What is the smooth, round portion that's superior to the condylar process?-mandibular condyle

What is the superior, midsagittal elevation of the ethmoid?-Crista galli

What is the synonym for the nasal conchae?-turbinate bones

What is the thick, medial part of the sphenoid?-body

What is the tube that transports tears from the eye into the nasal cavity?-nasolacrimal duct

What L-shaped bones of the face form the posterior third of the hard palate, the posterior, lateral portion of the nasal cavity, and a portion of the orbit?-palatine bones

What large cavity lies within the maxilla?-maxillary sinus

What opening does the facial nerve pass through on the inferior surface of the skull?-stylomastoid foramen

What opening does the internal carotid artery pass through here?-Carotid canal

What opening lies on the anterolateral surface of the body of the mandible?-mental foramen

What opening occurs here for blood vessels and nerves?-Internal acoustic meatus

What opening within the mandible lies on the posterior, medial side?-mandibular foramen

What opening within the maxilla do the infraorbital artery and nerve pass through?-infraorbital foramen

What other two processes articulate the zygomatic bone with surrounding bones?

Maxillary process

• Frontal process

What part of the ethmoid forms the medial wall of the orbits?-Orbital plate

What part of the mandible holds the lower teeth?-alveolar process

What part of the maxilla forms the anterior two thirds of the hard palette?-palatine process

What part of the maxilla forms the floor of the orbit?-orbital surface

What part of the maxilla holds the upper teeth?-alveolar process

What part of the palatine forms a small part of the floor of the orbit?-orbital process

What part of the palatine forms the posterior, lateral wall of the nasal cavity?-perpendicular plate

What part of the skull do the parietal bones form?-Lateral walls and roof

What part of the skull do the temporal bones form?

Inferior lateral walls
-Part of the floor of the cranium

What part of the temporal bone holds the middle and inner ear?-Petrous region

What parts of the ethmoid hold the cavities?-Lateral masses

What portion of the palatines forms the posterior third of the hard palette?-horizontal plate

What process of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone?-condylar process

What projections of the sphenoid lie inferior to the superior orbital fissure and can be seen in a lateral view of the skull?-Greater wings

What projections of the sphenoid lie superior to the superior orbital fissure?-lesser wings

What projections of the sphenoid provide attachment surface for some muscles that move the lower jaw and soft palate?-medial and lateral pterygoid plates

What prominence in this region that lies posterior to the ear, serves as the insertion for the sternocleidomastoid, and contains air cells?-Mastoid process