ANAPHY BONE

it is the long shaft and main proportion of bone

diaphysis

It is the proximal distal ends of bone

epiphyses

It is between the diaphysis and epiphysis

metaphysis

reduces friction and absorbs shock

articular cartilage

tough layer of connective tissue that covers outside of the bones

periosteum

It is the hollow space inside diaphysis

medullary cavity

It is a thin membrane and inner lining that host bone-forming cells and small amount of connective tissue

endosteum

which cells produce osteoblast?

osteoprogenitor cells

It is a type of bone cells that build

osteoblast

It is a type of bone cells that maintains the bone

osteocytes

It is the type of bone cells that carve out bone

osteoclast

It is the strongest form of bone tissue and resist stress produces by weight and movement

compact bone tissue

It is circular layers of hard bone matrix

concentric lamellae

It is the center of each osteon that contains blood vessels and bones

central canal/haversian canal

It is the tiny spaces between concentric lamellae that host a single osteocyte

Lacunae

Connects lacunae to each other and allow osteocytes to communicate

canaliculi

It is the main unit of compact bone tissues

osteon

it connects central canals to periosteal vessels (blood)

volkmann’s cannals

surrounds periosteum and medullary cavity

circumferential lamellae

its main unit is trabeculae rather than osteons and its spaces houses red and yellow bone marrow

spongy bone

what is inside lacunae in spongy bone?

lamellae and osteocytes

in bone blood delivery which artery is responsible for the delivery of blood in periosteum and outer bone?

periosteal arteries

in blood bone delivery which artery supplies the ends of the long bone?

metaphyseal & epiphyseal arteries

which carries blood away from the long bones?

veins

which feeds the inside bone and red bone marrow? via nutrient foramen then passing through medullary cavity then divided into proximal and distal branches

nutrient artery

It is a type of ossification where it forms bone directly within sheets of connective tissues usually found by flat bones

intramembranous ossification

which ossification forms bone by replacing hyaline cartilage model?

endochondral ossification

in growth of bone in length which zone of cartilage does anchoring of epiphyseal plate to epiphysis?

zone of resting cartilage

In growing bone length what zone is when chondrocytes divide rapidly and produce more extracellular matrix

zone of proliferating cartilage

in bone growing length which zone is when cartilage matrix become calcified and the osteoclast remove calcified cartilage and osteoblast and capillaries replace the area?

zone of calcified cartilage

It is the replacement of old bone tissue to new bone tissue

bone remodelling

It is the removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone via osteoclast

bone resorption

It is the addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone via osteoblast

bone deposition

what are the three parts of bone repair?

reactive phase, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony callus, and bone remodeling

It is a type of fracture where broken ends of bone protrude

open (compound) fracture

It is a type of fracture where the bone is splintered, crushed, or broken into pieces

comminuted fracture

It is a type of fracture where only one is fractured but the other bends

greenstick fracture

It is a type of bone fracture where the fractured bone is forcefully driven into interior of the other bone

impacted fracture

It is a type of fracture of the distal end of the fibula (ankle/leg injury)

Pott fracture

It is a type of fracture of the distal end of lateral forearm bone

colles fracture

what happens when there’s too much calcium?

cardiac arrest

what happens when there’s too little calcium?

respiratory arrest

what happens when blood calcium is low?

osteoclast will break down bone and release calcium into blood stream in order to achieve homeostasis

what happens when blood calcium is high?

osteoblast will help build bone so that calcium is deposited into bones

which hormone increase blood calcium, reduce calcium in urine so that it stays on the bloodstream, and helps the production of calcitrol

parathyroid hormone

It is the active hormone of vitamin D that increase blood calcium

calcitriol

It is a hormone released by parafollicular cells of thyroid gland that decreases blood calcium via inhibiting of osteoclast and reinforcing bone formation

calcitonin