Oral and Cutaneous Pathology Lecture Review

Vocabulary based flashcards covering dental anomalies, genetic syndromes, HIV-related oral manifestations, and cutaneous pathology concepts.

Erosion

The destruction of tooth structure produced by chemical exposure, commonly seen in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Reversible pulpitis

A condition characterized by tooth pain elicited by cold that quickly fades away upon removal of the cold stimulus.

Internal resorption

The provisional diagnosis for a single tooth presenting with a reddish-pink appearance of the clinical crown.

Congenitally missing teeth

Teeth that are most commonly absent at birth, with the third molars being the most frequent.

Ectodermal dysplasia

A genetic disease featuring oligodontia and malformed, cone-shaped teeth.

Mesiodens

The most common type of supernumerary tooth found in the dental arch.

Microdontia

A condition where teeth are abnormally small, most likely affecting the maxillary lateral incisor.

Cleidocranial dysplasia

A condition characterized by the presence of multiple impacted permanent teeth and supernumerary teeth.

Gemination

A diagnostic radiographic feature where two crowns are seen with only a single root and root canal.

Paget disease

A condition in which hypercementosis affecting multiple teeth is a characteristic finding.

Amelogenesis imperfecta

A condition where enamel surfaces flake off and teeth appear increasingly yellow.

Dens invaginatus (dens-in-dente)

A dental anomaly most commonly affecting the maxillary lateral incisor.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

A condition producing bulbous crown forms and the absence of pulp chambers and root canal spaces radiographically.

Dentin dysplasia

A condition characterized radiographically by deficient root formation.

Vitamin D-resistant rickets

A condition that produces a characteristic Crow's foot appearance in the pulp chambers of mandibular incisor teeth.

Hypophosphatasia

A diagnosis for a young child with spontaneous exfoliation of deciduous mandibular incisor teeth caused by a lack of cementum.

Root dilacerations

Abnormal bends in the root believed to be caused by trauma to the developing root.

Carabelli cusp

The most common accessory cusp, typically found on the mesiolingual surface of the maxillary first molar.

Colorado brown stain

A tooth discoloration produced by excessive fluoride in the water.

HIV latency period

The phase of HIV infection where the virus has a long latent period before symptoms occur, which may last up to $12\,years$.

Candidiasis

Often the first manifestation of HIV infection; esophageal forms are typically treated with Nystatin, miconazole, or Clotrimazole.

Koilocytes

Superficial keratinocytes with pyknotic nuclei surrounded by clear zones, which is a classic microscopic feature of HPV infection.

Hairy leukoplakia

An oral lesion caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Kaposi sarcoma

An AIDS-defining cancer and common neoplasia in HIV+ patients; it is NOT caused by HPV 6.

Scleroderma

A disease associated with sclerodactyly, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, telangiectasia, and thickening of the lip tissue.

En coup de sabre

A term for the appearance of a scar on the lip midline region or scalp, associated with scleroderma.

Graft versus host disease

A condition where a common clinical finding is the loss of pigmentation.

Sarcoidosis

A systemic disease that affects the lungs, specifically causing interstitial fibrosis.

Leishmaniasis

An infection caused by sandflies that can lead to severe facial scarring and affected internal organs if not treated early.

Melanoma

A skin cancer where risk increases by $34\%$ for individuals who use a tanning bed $10\,times$.

Basal cell carcinoma

The most common skin cancer; lesions are usually invasive, firm, and have a rolled appearance.

Acral lentiginous melanoma

The type of skin cancer that individuals in the Fitzpatrick Skin Classification type VI category are most susceptible to.

Oral lichen planus

A condition where $15\%$ of patients develop cutaneous lesions.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

The term for the severe form of erythema multiforme.

Keloids

A type of hyperplastic scar tissue.

Milia

Small, white, keratin-filled cysts.

Comedones

Dilated hair follicles, which are seen in large open forms in Favre-Racouchot disease.

Venous lake

A vascular lesion resulting from trauma combined with sun exposure and weakening of blood vessels.