Module 9: Fossils & The Geologic Time Scale

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13 Terms

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What is a fossil?

A physical trace of ancient life (>10,000 yrs)

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What is the difference between a body and a trace fossil?

  • Body - part of the actual organism

  • Trace - sign of biological life

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How does an organism become a fossil? (4)

  1. Die and leave a body

  2. Get buried

  3. Stay buried

  4. Get found

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Where do we look to find fossils?

Sedimentary rocks

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What are Lagerstätten?

Places that—due to the calm energy and sediment—preserve fossils extremely well

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<p>(3)</p>

(3)

Foraminifera

  • Single-celled protists

  • Tiny calcite shells

  • ~size of grain of sand

<p>Foraminifera</p><ul><li><p>Single-celled protists</p></li><li><p>Tiny calcite shells</p></li><li><p>~size of grain of sand</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p> (3)</p>

(3)

Radiolarians/Rads

  • Silica shells

    • Shells form calcareous oozes in deep ocean

      • Ooze → chert

<p>Radiolarians/Rads</p><ul><li><p>Silica shells</p><ul><li><p>Shells form calcareous oozes in deep ocean</p><ul><li><p>Ooze → chert</p></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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<p> (2)</p>

(2)

Porifera

  • Sponges

  • Mineral structures, spicules, give support

<p>Porifera</p><ul><li><p>Sponges</p></li><li><p>Mineral structures, spicules, give support</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>(3)</p>

(3)

Cnidaria

  • Soft-bodied animals

    • Round w/ tentacles

  • Corals, jellies, anemones

<p>Cnidaria</p><ul><li><p>Soft-bodied animals</p><ul><li><p>Round w/ tentacles</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Corals, jellies, anemones</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>(2)</p>

(2)

Brachiopoda & Bryozoa

  • Spiral-shaped body (lophophore) for eating

  • Look like clams

<p>Brachiopoda &amp; Bryozoa</p><ul><li><p>Spiral-shaped body (lophophore) for eating</p></li><li><p>Look like clams</p></li></ul><p></p>
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<p>(6)</p>

(6)

Mollusks

  • Soft body, sometimes calcite shell

  • Bivalva: two parts to shells; e.g. clams, oysters, mussels

  • Gastropoda: “stomach foot”; e.g. snails, slugs

  • Cephalopoda: mollusks w/ tentacles; e.g. octopus, squid, cuttlefish

    • Ammonites & Nautiloids

    • Belemnites: cigar-shaped shell inside bodies

<p>Mollusks</p><ul><li><p>Soft body, sometimes calcite shell</p></li><li><p>Bivalva: two parts to shells; e.g. clams, oysters, mussels</p></li><li><p>Gastropoda:&nbsp;“stomach foot”; e.g. snails, slugs</p></li><li><p>Cephalopoda: mollusks w/ tentacles; e.g. octopus, squid, cuttlefish</p><ul><li><p>Ammonites &amp; Nautiloids</p></li><li><p>Belemnites: cigar-shaped shell inside bodies</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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<p></p><p>(4)</p>

(4)

Arthropods

  • Jointed legs & exoskeleton

  • Trilobites: “three-lobed body,” calcite shells, legs w/ gills

  • Crustaceans: crabs, lobsters, barnacles, isopods

  • Insects: keratin shell → decomposes faster than calcite

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<p>(3)</p>

(3)

Echinoderms

  • “Spiny skins”

  • Pentameral (five-fold) symmetry

  • Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, sea lilies

<p>Echinoderms</p><ul><li><p>“Spiny skins”</p></li><li><p>Pentameral (five-fold) symmetry</p></li><li><p>Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers, sea lilies</p></li></ul><p></p>