Pathophysiology Exam 1 Terms and Explanations

What is homeostasis?

a dynamic steady state at which the body maintains itself nat relatively constant composition

What is etilology?

the original cause of cellular alteration or disease (root cause)

What is histology?

• the study of looking at tissues and cells under a microscope

What is biopsy?

• cell extraction from an organ or mass to look at under the microscope

What is atrophy?

• a decrease in the size of a tissue or organ due to cellular shrinkage

What may cause atrophy in tissues?

• disuse of dimished workload

• lack of nerver stimulation (paralysis)

• loss of horomonal stimulation

• inadequate nutrition

• decreade blood flow (iscehmia)

What is hypertrophy?

• an increase of cell size causing enlargment of tissue mass

What can cause hypertrophy?

• Overuse causes the cell’s SIZE to be bigger

What is hyperplasia?

• An increase in the NUMBER of cells in tissues/organs

What can cause hyperplasia?

• hormonal imbalance or maladaptive

What does metaplasia mean?

• The replacement of one cell type with another cell type

• typically in response to a chronic stress or injury

What can cause metaplasia?

• chronic inflammation

• reversible

• considered a “normal” adapatation

What does dysplasia mean?

• An uncontrolled and abnormal growth and development of cells, tissues, or organs

• Warning sign for cancer

What causes dysplasia?

• often chronic stressors or inflammation

• precancerous condition

What is Neoplasia?

• New cancerous tissue growth

• lacks normal cell function

• Invasive and destructive to other cells

What can cause Neoplasia?

• cell injusy

• free radicals

• severe and prolonged stress

• loss of homeostasis

What is ischemia?

• inadequate blood supply