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Which horse moves faster in m/s on a merry-go-round?
A) one near inner rail
B) one near the middle
C) one near outer rail
D) all move at the same speed in m/s.
c. one near outer rail
When railroad tracks make a curve, the outer track is longer. This means a wheel that rides on the
outer track needs to somehow
A) roll slower than the wheel on the inner track.
B) maintain the same speed as the wheel on the inner track.
C) roll faster than the wheel on the inner track.
c. roll faster than the wheel on the inner track
The circumference of a bicycle wheel is 2 meters. If it rotates at 1 revolution per second then its
linear speed is
A) 1 m/s.
B) 2 m/s.
C) 3 m/s.
D) 3.14 m/s.
E) 6.28 m/s.
b. 2 m/s
The net force exerted on a car traveling in a circular path at constant speed is
A) directed forward, in the direction of travel.
B) directed toward the center of the curve.
C) zero because the car is not accelerating.
D) none of the above
b. directed toward the center of the curve.
An industrial flywheel has a greater rotational inertia when most of its mass is
A) nearer the rim.
B) nearer the axis.
C) uniformly spread out as in a disk.
D) the same independent of the mass distribution
a. nearer the rim
Consider two flywheels of the same size and shape, but one with twice the mass. Rotational inertia
of the more massive one is
A) two times greater.
B) four times greater.
C) the same as the other one.
D) half.
E) none of the above
a. two times greater
Which jar will roll down an incline in the shortest time, an empty one or one filled with
peanut butter?
A) the empty jar
B) both reach the bottom at the same time
C) the filled jar
D) need more information
c. the filled jar
Compared with a force, a torque involves
A) rotation.
B) leverage.
C) distance from an axis of rotation.
D) all the above
E) none of the above
d. all the above
A ball that gains speed as it rolls down a hill experiences a
A) net torque.
B) net force.
C) both of these
D) neither of these
c. both of these
For a system in mechanical equilibrium, the resultant
A) force must be zero.
B) torque must be zero.
C) both of these
D) none of these
c. both of these
According to Newton, when the distance between two interacting objects doubles, the gravitational
force is
A) half.
B) one-quarter.
C) the same.
D) twice as much.
E) four times as much.
b. one-quarter
What is the force of gravity on a 500-N woman standing on Earth's surface?
A) 50 N
B) 250 N
C) 500 N
D) 5000 N
E) none of the above
c. 500 N
The planet Jupiter is about 300 times as massive as Earth, yet on its surface you would weigh only
about 3 times as much because
A) Jupiter's radius is about 10 times Earth's radius.
B) your mass is 100 times less on Jupiter.
C) Jupiter is significantly farther from the Sun.
D) you are 100 times more weightless there.
E) none of the above
a. Jupiter’s radius is about 10 times Earth’s radius
You can experience weight
A) standing on Earth's surface.
B) in an accelerating elevator away from Earth.
C) in a rotating habitat in space.
D) all of the above
d. all of the above
Inside a freely-falling runaway elevator, your
A) acceleration is zero.
B) weight is zero.
C) gravitational interaction with Earth is zero.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
b. weight is zero
When you step on a weighing scale at noon, Earth pulls you downward and the overhead Sun pulls
you upward. The reason the Sun's pull doesn't decrease your weight at noon is because
A) the Sun's pull on you is negligibly small.
B) the weighing scale is calibrated only in Earth weight.
C) you, the scale, and Earth are in free fall (in orbit) around the Sun.
D) the Sun's pull is cancelled by the gravitation of other celestial bodies.
E) of tidal effects in the "solid" Earth.
c. you, the scale, and Earth are in free fall (in orbit) around the sun
The main reason ocean tides exist is that Moon's pull is stronger
A) than the pull of the Sun.
B) on water closer to it than on water farther away.
C) on Earth's oceans than on Earth itself.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
b. on water closer to it than on water father away.
The Earth is closer to the Sun in January than in July, which accounts for the fact that the highest
high tides in the Northern Hemisphere occur in
A) winter.
B) spring.
C) summer.
D) none of the above
a. winter
If the Moon were covered with water, tidal effects caused by Earth would find the Moon with
A) 1 tidal bulge.
B) 2 tidal bulges.
C) 3 tidal bulges.
D) 4 tidal bulges.
E) no tidal bulges.
b. 2 tidal bulges
How far must one travel to escape Earth's gravitational field?
A) to a region above Earth's atmosphere
B) to a region well beyond the Moon
C) to a region beyond the solar system
D) forget it; you can't travel far enough.
d. forget it; you can’t travel far enough
A dropped ball gains speed because
A) its velocity changes.
B) a gravitational force acts on it.
C) of inertia.
D) its nature is to become closer to Earth.
b. a gravitational force acts on it.
A projectile that is fired vertically from the surface of Earth at 5 km/s will
A) go into circular about Earth.
B) o into an elliptical orbit about Earth.
C) rise and fall back to Earth's surface.
D) none of the above
c. rise and fall back to earth’s surface
A ball is thrown upward and caught when it returns. Compared with its initial speed and in the
presence of air resistance, the speed with which it is caught is
A) more.
B) less.
C) the same.
D) need more information.
b. less
Nellie tosses a ball upward at an angle. Assuming no air resistance, which component of velocity
changes with time?
A) the horizontal component
B) the vertical component
C) both of these
D) neither of these
b. the vertical component
A projectile is launched from ground level at 40° above the horizontal and lands downrange. What
other projection angle for the same speed would produce the same down-range distance?
A) 30°
B) 45°
C) 50°
D) 75°
E) 90°
c. 50
A gun with a muzzle velocity of 100 m/s is fired horizontally from a tower. Neglecting air
resistance, how far downrange will the bullet be 1 second later?
A) 50 m
B) 98 m
C) 100 m
D) 490 m
E) none of the above
c. 100 m
Planets would crash into the Sun if it weren't for
A) their tangential velocities.
B) their vast distances from the Sun.
C) the inverse-square law.
D) their relatively small masses.
E) the fact that they are beyond the main gravitation of the Sun.
a. their tangential velocities.
An astronaut at Earth's surface has a mass of 50 kg and a weight of 500 N. If she were floating freely
inside a space habitat in remote space, she would have
A) no weight and less mass.
B) no weight and the same mass.
C) more weight and no mass.
D) none of the above
b. no weight and the same mass.
The circular path of a satellite orbiting Earth is characterized by a constant
A) speed.
B) acceleration.
C) radial distance.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
d. all of the above
Consider a moon that orbits one of our most distant planets in an elliptical path. The distance that the
moon covers each day is
A) greatest when closest to the planet.
B) greatest when farthest from the planet.
C) the same everywhere.
D) need more information
a. greatest when closet to the planet
Project a cannonball from atop Newton's hypothetical mountain at 8 km/s and it orbits Earth. Project
it at 9 km/s and the shape of the orbit is
A) a somewhat larger circle.
B) a wide parabola.
C) an ellipse.
D) either a circle or an ellipse, depending on the mass of the cannonball
E) an escape trajectory from the Earth
c. an ellipse
According to Kepler, the line from the Sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas of space
A) with each complete revolution.
B) only when the paths are ellipses.
C) when measured with respect to the stars
D) in equal time intervals.
d. in equal time intervals
Brownian motion is caused by
A) thermal agitation.
B) perpetual motion.
C) particles larger than atoms bumping into them.
D) interactions between atoms and molecules.
E) almost invisible bugs.
c. particles larger than atoms bumping into them
Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were manufactured in
A) the mother's womb.
B) ancient stars.
C) the food the mother eats before delivery.
D) the Earth.
E) none of the above
b. ancient stars.
At which position in the diagram does the planet have the greatest kinetic
energy?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) The kinetic energy is the same at all four points.
a. 1
At which position in the diagram does the planet have the greatest mechanical energy?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) The mechanical energy is the same at all four points.
e. The mechanical energy is the same at all four points
A granite block is mostly empty space because the atoms in the granite are
A) in perpetual motion.
B) mostly empty space themselves.
C) held together by electrical forces.
D) not as close together as they could be.
E) invisible.
b. mostly empty space themselves
Which of the following statements is true?
A) an atom is the smallest particle known to exist
B) there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances
C) there are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of substances
D) a large atom can be photographed with the aid of an ordinary microscope
E) none of the above
b. there are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances
Which of the following are electrically neutral?
A) protons
B) electrons
C) neutrons
D) ions
E) none of the above
c. neutrons
An element is distinct because of its number of
A) protons.
B) neutrons.
C) electrons.
D) the total mass of all the particles.
E) none of the above
a. protons
The number of protons in a neutral atom is balanced by an equal number of
A) electron shells that surround the nucleus.
B) neutrons in the nucleus.
C) orbital electrons.
D) none of the above
c. orbital electrons
Which of the following elements has the most mass?
A) hydrogen
B) iron
C) lead
D) uranium
E) all have the same mass
d. uranium
Which of these atoms has the greatest number of electrons?
A) helium
B) carbon
C) iron
D) gold
E) uranium
e. uranium
The factor most directly responsible for making a black hole invisible is its
A) size.
B) mass.
C) color.
D) surface escape velocity.
E) none of the above
d. surface escape velocity
Wobbles in the path of Uranus led to the discovery of
A) Neptune.
B) Mars.
C) Jupiter.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
a. neptune
