Excretory

Glomerular Filtration

Process where water and solutes move from blood into the nephron, influenced by glomerulus permeability and blood pressure

Tubular Reabsorption

Process of returning useful substances from filtrate back to blood, occurring in proximal tubule, descending and ascending loop of Henle, and distal tubule

Tubular Secretion

Process of moving additional wastes from blood into filtrate, particularly involving the active transport of K+ and H+ ions in the distal tubule

Water Reabsorption

Process of returning water from filtrate back to blood, regulated by the collecting duct and influenced by blood plasma concentration

Regulating Water Reabsorption

Process influenced by blood volume, blood plasma concentration, and osmotic pressure, involving the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in response to high osmotic pressure

Regulating Salt Reabsorption

Process regulated by aldosterone, involving the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions in the distal tubule and collecting duct

Maintaining Blood pH

Process involving acid-base buffer systems, changes in breathing rate, and kidney functions to regulate blood pH around 7.4

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

Bacterial infections affecting any part of the urinary tract, diagnosed by the presence of bacteria in urine

Kidney Stones

Crystal formations in the kidneys due to excess calcium in urine, often caused by low water consumption and activity levels

Diabetes Mellitus

Metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, with Type 1 and Type 2 variations affecting sugar and water levels in urine

Diabetes Insipidus

Condition involving the lack of ADH production, leading to excessive urine output and extremely diluted urine

Bright's Disease (Nephritis)

Inflammation of the nephron leading to proteins in urine, affecting kidney function

Renal Insufficiency/Renal Failure

Condition where nephron damage prevents adequate urine output, often requiring dialysis or kidney transplant