Preclinical theory week 1- dental terminology and sterilization

Antiseptic definition

Substance that prevents and stops the growth or action of microorganisms by inhibiting activity or destroying them.

Asepsis definition

free from contamination with microorganisms; includes sterile conditions in tissues and on materials, as obtained by exclusion, removing, or killing organisms

Sterilization definition

Process by which all forms of life, including bacterial spores and viruses are destroyed

Sterilization is considered the ________ level of disease control

highest

What are the approved methods of sterilization

1. Moist heat/steam under pressure

2. Dry heat

3. Chemical vapor sterilizer

4. Ethylene Oxide

What is the principle of action of moist heat/ autoclave

inactivates essential cellular proteins & enzymes

What are the operation parameters for normal autoclave settings

121 Deg C, 15 psi, 15 min

What are the flash settings for autoclave settings

132-135 Deg C, 30 psi, 7 min

What are the advantages of autoclaving

destroy all organisms, material friendly

What are the disadvantages of autoclaving

corrosion to carbon

What is the principle of action for dry heat

oxidation of bacterial components

What are the 2 options for operation parameters for dry heat

160 deg C for 2 hours

170 deg C for 1 hour

What are the advantages of dry heat

no corrosion; good for sharp instruments

What are the disadvantages of dry heat

long exposure time; dulls sharp edges

What is the principal of action for chemical vapor

permeation of heated formaldehyde and alcohol

What are the operation parameters for chemical vapor

127-132 deg C, 20-40 psi, 20+ min

What are the advantages of chemical vapor

rust-free, short cycle, easy operation

what are the disadvantages of chemical vapor

requires ventilation, unpleasant odor

principle of action for ethylene oxide

alkylation of DNA

Operation parameters for ethylene oxide

61 Deg C, 10-16 hours

Advantages of ethylene oxide

low temp, safe for plastics and rubber

disadvantages of ethylene oxide

high cost, long cycle, gas absorption issues

What are two tests for sterilization

biological indicator spore test and chemical indicator tape/strip

Biological indicator sport tests needs to be documented how often

weekly

What is the lowest level of disinfection

sanitization (hand washing)

what is the intermediate level of disinfection

disinfectant (wiping down operatory)

What is the highest level of disinfection

sterilization (autoclave)

Properties of an ideal disinfectant

Broad spectrum, fast acting, stable and active, non-toxic, surface compatibility, residual effect on treated surfaces, easy to use, odorless, economical

Upper bone of the jaw

maxilla

the maxillary bone is a ___ bone

Paired

the lower bone of the jaw

mandible

what quadrant is being described: Upper right maxillary

1

What quadrant is being described: upper left maxillary

2

What quadrant is being described: lower left mandibular

3

what quadrant is being described: lower right mandibular

4

Anterior teeth are situated in front of the mouth and is defined from _______ to _____ on both the mandible and maxilla

canine, canine

Posterior teeth are toward the back of the mouth and include _____ and ______ on both the mandible and maxilla

premolars, molars

define occlusion

relationship of maxillary and mandibular teeth. teeth coming together to touch

Define malocclusion

Abnormal occlusion of the teeth

what is the function of incisors

to cut

in secondary and primary dentition, there are ___ incisors per quadrant. They are called _____ and _____ incisors

2, central, lateral

What is the function of canines

pierce or tear

secondary and primary dentition have ______ canine(s) per quadrant

1

what is the function of premolars

to crush

in secondary dentition, there are ____ premolars per quadrant. They are called the ______ and _____ premolars

2, first, second

Does primary dentition have premolars?

No

what is the function of molars

crush, mill, grind

in secondary dentition, there are _____ molars. They are called the _____, _____, and _____ molars

3, first, second, third

the third molar is also called the

wisdom tooth

in primary dentition, there are _____ molars. They only include molars _______

2, 1 and 2

anterior teeth include

incisors and canines

posterior teeth include

premolars and molars

what is enamel

hard, calcified tissue which covers the dentin in the crown of the tooth. The white part of a tooth

What is dentin

hard, calcified tissue forming the inside body of the tooth, underlying the enamel and cementum, and surrounding the pulp.

What is cementum

thin layer of bonelike tissue covering the root of the tooth

dentinoenamel junction

What junction is highlighted

dentinocemental junction

What junction is does the red line portray

cementoenamel junction

What junction is shown in green

What is the crown

portion of tooth covered with enamel

What is the cusp

major pointed or rounded eminence on or near the occlusal surface of a tooth

cusps

What structures are the arrows pointing to

what is the root

portion of tooth embedded in bone and covered with cementum

what is the root apex

extremity of the root of a tooth. Can be 1 root or multi-rooted

What is the cervix of a tooth

constricted structure; narrow region at CEJ

cervix

What does the highlight red line depict (not the junction or line, but the part of the tooth)

the cervical line can also be known as the

CEJ

what is bifurcation

root division into 2 branches

what is trifurcation

root division into 3 branches

root trunk

ID pink portion

What are the three types of dentition

primary, mixed, permanent

The first set of teeth are called

primary or deciduous

How many teeth are in the primary dentition?

20

how many teeth are in secondary or permanent dentition

32

What is mixed dentition

dentition that contains some primary and some secondary in arches at the same time

what does mixed dentition primarily occur

ages 6-12

what is transition dentition

primary teeth are being exfoliated and the permanent teeth are erupting

What are the functions of primary and secondary dentition

mastication, maintenance and guidance (primary), esthetics, speech

What are some additional functions of primary dentition

maintenance of space for permanent teeth, act as guide for erupting teeth

What are nonsuccedaneous teeth

permanent molars in permanent dentition that are not replaced by primary teeth

What are succedaneous teeth?

Permanent teeth that replace primary teeth

What surface of the tooth is being described?surfaces of maxillary and mandibular teeth nearest the tongue

lingual

What surface of the tooth is being described? surfaces next to the face; the outer surfaces, resting against or next to the cheeks and lips

facial

What surface of the tooth is being described: facial surfaces of anterior teeth (incisors and canines); next to lips

Labial

What surface of the tooth is being described: facial surfaces of posterior teeth (premolars and molars); next to cheek

buccal

What surface of the tooth is being described: surfaces next to an adjacent tooth in the same arch

proximal

What tooth surface is being described: surfaces nearest midline of arch

mesial

What tooth surface is being described: surfaces furthest from middle of arch

distal

what tooth surface is being described: biting surface of posterior teeth

occlusal

what tooth surface is being described: biting edge of anterior teeth

incisal

contact areas

What area do the black dots represent?

incisal embrasure

What is shown in the red

What is an embrasure

open space between the proximal surface of two teeth where they diverge facially, lingually, or occlusally from the contact area

what is a concavity

depression in a surface

what is convexity

bulge in a surface

what is the interproximal space

triangular space between two adjacent teeth

interproximal space

What space is shown in orange

what is the long axis

a theoretical line passing lengthwise through the center of a tooth

What are the divisions of teeth

cervico-occlusally, mesiodistally, faciolingually, cervicoapically

dentinoenamel junction

ID Red region

dentin

ID orange region