sperdev crash course

Psychology

• hub science

• Systematic body of knowledge

• Scientific stufy of mind and behavior

• Mental process, brain function

• Both under social and natural sciences (making it a hub science)

• It can be medical (natural) but also discuss the personalities, how people socialize, how people act (making it a social science)

Science

Mother knowledge

Maraming subjects and under nito

Psychology

• hub science

• Systematic body of knowledge

• Scientific stufy of mind and behavior

• Mental process, brain function

• Both under social and natural sciences (making it a hub science)

• It can be medical (natural) but also discuss the personalities, how people socialize, how people act (making it a social science)

Science

Mother knowledge

Maraming subjects and under nito

Natural sciences

• physical world

• Physicality

• Everything existing in the world

• Technical and scientific

• Bio, chem, p6, esci, geology, botany, etc

Social sciences

• social world and behavior

• Interactions

• Community

• Politics

• Sociology, anthro, history, pol sci, demography, etc

Hub science

Interconnected with other disciplines

Ex. Psychology being BOTH a natural and a social science

Human development

• step by step growth or change

• Birth to maturity

• Mararanasan if you exist as a human being

• Stops when you die

Developmental stages

Stages every person goes through as they live out their lives as a human being

1. Pre natal

• 0-9 months

• Formation of structure and organs

• Teratogens → AVOID!!

  • Harmful substances to be avoided during pregnancy

  • Smoking, alcohol, drugs, etc

2. Infancy

• 0-2

• dependent on caregivers

• Staring to develop motor skills

• Sensory and cognitive formation

• Sense of attachment

Early childhood

• 2-6

• Language acquisition (nakak form na ng sentence tapos may grammar na)

• Develop symbolic thinking (association)

• Development of autonomy or independence

• Imaginative play → encourages creativity

4. Late childhood

• 6-12

• Kid to teen transition

• Formal education stats here

• Logical thinking and problem solving is refined

• Formation of groups (friend groups → when you learn to choose your friends)

• Importance of peer groups

5. Adolescence

• 13-18

• Puberty

• Identity formation

  • Figuring out gender, sexuality

  • Baancing personal views with social expectations

  • Erikson’s identity vs. role confusion

• Emotional turbulence (mood swings)

6. Early Adulthood

• 18-40

• Target: stability of career and relationships

7. Middle age

• 40 to retirement

• Physical and cognital decline

• Mentorship

  • Like marami na silang nagawa and naexperience sa buhay so they feel like they have to give advice to those younger than them

• Mid life crisis

  • Experiencing doubt and questioning of yourself

  • Leads to career shift

8. Old age

• retirement til death

• Adjusting to changes

  • Heatlh problems and loss of loved ones

• Reflection of lives

• Either feels a sense of fulfillment or regret

3 aspects of human development

• physical

• Cognitive

• Psychosocial

Physical

• aspect of human development

• Body and brain

  • Puberty

  • Brain is still literally developing

• motor skills

  • Walking, jumping, writing

• sensory skills

  • Ex. Being a picky eater

Cognitive

• aspect of human development

• Brain function

• Learning, thinking, analyzing,

• Ex. In school pag g11 ka na, hindi na basic yung math mo. Mas advanced na

• Nagmamature yung creative capacity

Psychosocial

• aspect of human development

• Capacity to be social with others

• Relationships, friendships, etc

Personal development

• what makes one unique as a person

• How you assess or define yourself

  • Weakness, strengths, how you present yourself

The self

• awareness of your own existence

• Being self aware

• Core of individuality and uniqueness

• Self reflection or self concept

personality

• expression of one’s self-awareness

• Actions

• Decisions

• Presentation of one’s self

  • Before all this are expressed, your values decide what to do (internal self)

  • Your actions reflect your values

• Nakikita, lumalabas

Internal self

• Your values

• Who you are as a person

• What you believe in

External self

• how you present yourself to others based on your internal self

• Personality, dressing style, talking tone, mannerisms, etc

Self-concept

• awareness of oneself

Actual self

The self you currently see

• influenced by traits and social interactions

Ideal self

• self you aspire to be

• Shaped by aspirations (like a dream job, dream body, etc)

• Still defined you bc it reflects who you are

Holistic development

Physical, mental, emotional, and intellectual growth

• growth in all aspects allowing you to be a well rounded person

Physical development

• Body, motor, and sensory

• Doing thibgs like gettinf better sleep, exercising, and eatinf healthy food can improve this

Intelectual development

• brain

• Acquirung knowledge

• Developing wisdom, creativity, and critical thinking

Emotional development

• emotional ibtelligence

• Self regulation

• Empathy

• Emotional intelligence contributes to good mental health and healthybrelationships

Social/interactional development

• building and maintaining health relationships

• Collaboration, teamwork, communication skills

• Enhancing social skills

Spiritual dev

• supports mental and emotional well being

• Spiritual beliefs, being mindful,

• Veing morally uprught and ethically yood

Environmental dev

• emphasizes the inpact of surroundings on mood, behavior, and productivity

• Environmental awareness, sustainability, space organziation

• And friends!!

Sensual dev

• developing of senes

• Sensory input

• Sensory awareness

• Mindfulness

Robert J havigurt’s development tasks during lifespan

Made the developmental tasks theory

• every stage is important

  • Each task that individuals need to learn t function well in society

Influenced By

• biological development

• Personal choices and values

• Cultural and social expectations

Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosical Development

• humans go through 8 distinct stages of development, each marked by a psyschosocial conflict

• success: healthy development and gaining a value

• failure: difficulties that impact future stages

Trust vs. Mistrust (Infacy 0-1 yrs)

challenge: conflict → caregivers

• how they take care of you

• will either be careful or negtlectful

success: virtue of hope

• trust in the world

• responsive parents

• you believe that someone will protect you

failure: sense os mistrust

• negligent parents

• trust issues → people who doubt easily

fixation

gained in a specfic stage of Erik Erikson’s theory and it is fixated meaning nadadala mo sya pagtanda mo

autonomy vs. shame and doubt (early childhood: 1-3 years)

challenge: Independence in child +autonomy

success: virtue of will

• receieve a sense of autonomy, and self control

• ability to do things on their own

failure: doubt and shame

• stems from overly critical and controlling parents

initiative vs. guilt (preschool: 3-6 years)

challenge: children naturally become curious and aim to take inntiative and delve in their curiosity

success: virtue of purpose

• children get confident and find the ability to lead and make decisions

failure: guilt

• children who are punished or crticized for teir curiosity earn guilt and become passive people.

industry vs. inferiority (school age: 6-12 years)

Challenge: school + demands in learning

success: virtue of competence

• mastery in academics, social skills, and tasks

failure: feeling of inferiority

• people who do not take critcism well now stem from this stage.

• stems from excess criticism

identity vs role confusion (adolescence: 12-18 years)

challenge: developing coherent identity

• aligning goals, beliefs, and values

success: virtue of fidelity

This stage involes psyschosocial moratorium

Psychosocial moratorium

period where adolescents explore various roles and possibilities before commiting to a particular identity

intimacy vs. isolation (Young adulthood: 18-40 years)

Challenge: yung adults seek deep and meaningful relationships

success: virtue of love

failure: feeling of isolation and loneliness

generativity vs. stagnation (middle adulthood: 40-65 years)

challenge: looking to contribute to society

• supporting next gen or the society

success: virtue of care

• people feel that they are making a positive impact on the world

failure: feeling of stagnation or unproductivity

Integrity vs. Despair (Late adulthood: 65 years and up)

challenge: old people reflect on their lives

success: virtue of wisdom

• they felt like they have lived a fulfilling life!!

• acceptance of life’s events and a sense of closure

failure: feelings of regret and despair

Themes in adolescnence

1. idealism

2. experimentation

3. fashion

4. social groups

5. sexual experimentation

6. social media

idealism

• being self-conscious and egocentric → bc our brains are not yet fully developed

• cause of reckless behavior

experimentation

• searching for identity

• mimicking behaviors of adults, searching for hobbies that feels right, searching for labels, something to emulate from adults

fashion

• trying out different styles to express their independence and assert their unique selves

social groups

we search for social groups with whome we find common interests with to validate their chosen identity

sexual experimentation

• sexual curiosity

• may end up in disaster such as STDs, tenn pregnancy, etc

social media

• online friendships

• networking

• validation

• making connections and reaching out

stress

• natural reaction to stimuli

• state of unrest sa body

stress as stimulus

• external events such as challenging situations that trigger stress → aka stressors

stress as response

• body’s reaction to stress

• hormone production

  • preparing body for harm

• happens a lot in adolescents

stress as relational

• how you assess situations

• dependent on how YOU feel regarding situations

healthy stress

• stress turned to motivation and fuel

• performing under pressure

unhealthy stress

• stress becomming chronic

• physical and emotional exhaustion

external stressors in adolescents

• school demands

• career/college decisions

• sep anx.

• new college life

• family demands

• REQUIRES AN EVENT TO MAKE IT EXTERNAL

internal stressors

• lasting feelings that makes it internal

• feelings!!

• emotional reactions to situations that last

• romantic relationships, social life, health concerns

problem focused coping

• tackling the problem and addressing it to reduce the stress

emotion focused coping

• addressing one’s personal felings first before addressing the stressors

coping strategies

• creative imagination

• social support

• relaxation

• time management

• spiritual growth

• hobbies

mental toughness

• helps withstand social adversity

• confidence

• finding something to gain from challenges

resilience

• abilty to recover or to bounce back from something