Physiology of Respiratory System Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the functions of the larynx and lungs, the mechanical steps of respiration, and the process of gas exchange.

Larynx

An organ that serves as a passageway for air in and out of the trachea and prevents foreign objects like food and fluids from entering the trachea.

Vocal cords

Structures in the larynx that vibrate to produce sound.

Epiglottis

A structure that covers the larynx during swallowing to make the process possible.

Mucous lining

A lining in the larynx that filters air for small particles.

Lungs

Organs that facilitate gas exchange, eliminate carbon dioxide and water vapor, and help with air flow in voice production.

Diaphragm (Inspiration)

A muscle that contracts and flattens when a person breathes in, enlarging the thoracic cavity from top to bottom.

Intercostal muscles (Inspiration)

Muscles that contract during inhalation to pull the ribs upwards, enlarging the thoracic cavity posteriorly and anteriorly.

Atmospheric pressure comparison

During inhalation, air pressure in the lungs becomes lesser than atmospheric pressure as the thoracic cavity enlarges.

Expiration mechanism

The phase of respiration where the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, making the air space in the thoracic cavity smaller.

Diffusion

The process where molecules move from high to low concentration.

Oxygen ($O_2$) exchange

The movement of $O_2$ molecules from inhaled air in the alveoli to the blood in the capillaries.

Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) exchange

The movement of $CO_2$ from the blood in the capillaries to the air in the alveoli to be exhaled.