Bio "Cells" Unit Test Part 1- Cell functions, Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic, Microscope

The Cell Theory states that…?

• All living organisms (things) are composed of cells

• Cells are the basic unit of life

• All cells come from other, pre-existing cells

What are the differences plant cells have compared to animal cells?

They contain a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole, things animal cells do not have.

What are some similarities between plant and animals cells?

• They are both Eukaryotic

• Both have a cell membrane, a nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, golgi, mitochondria, and ER

What are the differences animal cells have compared to plant cell?

Animal cells have centrioles and lysosomes which plant cells do not.

How are Eukaryotic Cells Similar to Prokaryotic cells?

They both have…

• A cell membrane

• Ribosomes

• DNA

• Cytoplasm

How are eukaryotic cells different compared to prokaryotic cells? 

Eukaryotic cells

• Have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

• Typically larger than prokaryotic cells

• More complex

Cell Membrane Function

Membrane that separates and protects the interior of the cell. It only lets certain things in and out of the cell which keeps the cell stable (homeostasis).

Cell Wall Function

Layer that provides additional protection to cell

Nucleus Function

The control center of the cell, holds DNA

Cytoplasm Function

Surrounds cell structures and supports organelles

Ribosome Function

Turns RNA into chains of proteins (makes proteins)

ER (Rough and smooth) Function

Makes and moves proteins and lipids around the cell

Golgi Function

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Mitochondria Function

Produces energy and powers the cell through cellular respiration.

Chloroplast Function

Makes glucose (energy) using light energy aka photosynthesis

Vacuole Function

Stores nutrients and waste products.

Centrioles Function

Help with cell division by organizing the microtubules that separate chromosomes and are vital to the formation of cilia and flagella.

Lysosomes Function

Break down cellular waste and debris.

Cytoskeleton Function

Provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and anchors organelles

Vesicle Function

Package created by the golgi that transport materials within the cell

Lightest green

Cell Membrane

Outermost Border

Cell Wall

Light Purple

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Small dots throughout and on rough ER

Ribosomes

Dark Purple

Nucleolus

Orange

Golgi

Blue

ER (Rough and smooth)

Red

Mitocondria

Chloroplast

Vacoule

Lysosomes

Centroiles

Nucleolus Function

Produces and assembles ribosomes, which are essential for protein synthesis in the cell

What form(s) of life are Prokaryotic cells?

• (Eu) bacteria

• Archaea

What form(s) of life are Eukaryotic Cells?

• Plants

• Animals

• Fungi

• Protists

#1

Body Tube

#9

Eyepiece

#12

Coarse Focus adjustment

#13

Fine Focus Adjustment

#2

Revolving Nosepiece

#11

Stage

Eyepiece Function

Lens you look through

Coarse Focus Adjustment Function

Moves the stage in large increments

Body Tube Function

Tube that supports the eyepiece

Fine Focus Adjustment Function

Moves the stage in small increments 

Revolving Nosepiece Function

Rotating device that holds and changes the objective lenses

(a) High, (b) medium and (c ) low power Objectives Function

Magnification lenses with the (a) highest, (b) median, (c ) lowest power

Arm Function

Attaches body tube to the base

Stage Function

Holds the specimen (slide)

Stage Clips Function

Clips that keep the slide from moving on the stage

Diaphragm Function

Controls the amount of light entering the stage

#7

Diaphragm

Base Function

Supports the microscope

Cilia Characteristics

Short, hair like, lots in one cell, oar-like motion, found only in eukaryotic cells

Flagella Characteristics

Long, whip-like appendages, few in one cell (1-8), wave-like motion, found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells