Respiratory System WANIC NA MT Chapter 8

Respiratory System

alveol/o

alveolus, air sac

angi/o

vessel (blood)

arteri/o

artery

aspir/o

removal

atel/o

incomplete, imperfect

bol/o

cast, throw

bronch/o

bronchus, bronchial tube

bronchi/o

bronchiole, smaller subdivision of the bronchus

carcin/o

cancer

cardi/o

heart

cyan/o

blue

diaphragmat/o

diaphragm

dilat/o

to enlarge, expand

epiglott/o

epiglottis

fibr/o

fiber

hem/o

blood

hist/o

tissue

laryng/o

larynx, voice box

lob/o

lobe

nas/o

nose

ox/o, ox/i

oxygen

pharyng/o

pharynx, throat

pleur/o

pleura, serous membrane that enfolds the lung

pneum/o, pneumon/o

lung, air

pulmon/o

lung

py/o

pus

resuscit/o

to revive

rhin/o

nose

sin/o, sinus/o

sinus, cavity

spir/o

breathing

thorac/o

chest

tonsill/o

tonsils

trache/o

trachea, windpipe

tub/o

tube

a-

not, without

anti-

against

brady-

slow

dys-

painful, difficult

em-

in

endo-

in, within

epi-

on, over, upon

eu-

good, normal

hyper-

above, above normal, excessive

hypo-

below, below normal, deficient

in-

in, into, not

poly-

many, much

tachy-

fast

-al, -ary, -ial, -ic, -tic

pertaining to

-ant

substance that promotes

-ation

process, condition

-capnia

carbon dioxide

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-ectasis

dilation, expansion

-ema

condition

-emia

blood condition

-genic

produced by or in

-ia

condition

-ion

process, state, condition

-ism

process, condition

-meter

measure

-metry

process of measuring

-or

one who (or something that) takes action or does something

-osmia

smell

-oxia

oxygen

-phonia

voice

-pnea

breathing

-rrhea

flow, excessive discharge

-spasm

muscle contraction

-stenosis

narrowing, tightening

-stomy

surgical opening

-throax

chest, pleural cavity

-tomy

process of cutting, incision

apnea

temporary interruption of breathing

bradypnea

condition of slower than normal breathing

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Unusual breathing pattern characterized by periods of apnea (between 10 and 60 seconds), followed by gradually increasing respirations

dyspnea

difficult or painful breathing

eupnea

condition of normal breathing

hyperpnea

condition of deeper than normal breathing

hyperventilation

condition in which breathing is faster and deeper than normal

hypoventilation

condition in which breathing is too slow and shallow

orthopnea

condition in which breathing becomes easier when the patient is sitting up straight

rales

abnormal crackling sound heard during auscultation of the lungs while the patient is breathing in (usually indicates the presence of fluid or mucus in the airway

rhonchi

a coarse rattling or high-pitched snoring sound heard during auscultation of the lungs (usually indicates narrowing of the air passages, such as during asthma or a respiratory infection)

stridor

harsh, high pitched sound during respiration that indicates an airway obstruction

tachypnea

condition of faster than normal breathing

wheezing

high pitched sound during exhalation

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

condition in which fluid builds up in the lungs, preventing oxygen from reaching the bloodstream, usually develops due to severe injury or infection

aspiration

inhalation of a foreign body, food or fluid through the nose, throat or lungs during inspiration

asthma

condition characterized by sudden periodic attacks of dyspnea accompanied by wheezing (caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membranes in the bronchi

atelectasis

collapsed or airless lung caused by any condition that prevents the alveoli from expanding normally to allow breathing and coughing

bronchitis

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchial tubes

bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer)

a malignant tumor that originates in the bronchi

bronchospasm

sudden, involuntary contractions in the bronchi

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

disease characterized by reduced ability of the lungs to perform their functions of ventilation (symptoms include persistent dyspnea during exertion and less than 50 percent of normal inspiratory capacity

common cold

acute inflammation of the respiratory mucous membrane (also called nasopharyngitis or rhinopharyngitis)

croup

childhood disease characterized by a “barking” cough and high-pitched breathing

cyanosis

condition of bluish tint to the skin due to lack of oxygen circulation to the body tissues

cystic fibrosis (CF)

inherited disease that affects the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands. (usually begins in infancy and is characterized by chronic respiratory infection, pancreatic insufficiency and heat intolerance

diphtheria

serious infection of the nose and throat in which a thick sheet of gray matter covers the pharynx, obstructing the flow of air

emphysema

chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an abnormal increase in the size of the alveoli, accompanied by loss of elasticity (results in shortness of breathand impaired heart function