oxygenation

Ventilation

the first step in the process of oxygenation which is the movement of the air into and out of the lungs for purposes of delivering fresh air into the lung’s alveoli and the removal of carbon dioxide from them

Pons and Medulla Oblongata

Ventilation is regulated by respiratory control centers in the ____ and ___, which are in the brain stem

Alveolar Gas Exchange

Is the second step in the process of oxygenation. Once fresh air reaches the lung’s alveoli this step begins

Oxygen Uptake

The exchange of oxygen from the alveolar space into the pulmonary capillary blood is referred to as ____ – may also be called external respiration

Oxygen Transport and Delivery

Once the oxygen has reached the blood, it is transported throughout the body and delivered to each cell.

• This is the third step in the process of oxygenation

Circulation

Once oxygen is bound to haemoglobin, the oxygen is delivered to the cells of the body by the process of ____.

• “____” of the blood is the function of the heart and blood vessels

Diastole

the process of chamber filling is referred to as?

Systole

The process of a chamber emptying is?

Cellular Respiration

Is the fourth step in the oxygenation process

• This gas exchange at the cellular level, like that at the alveolar level, takes place via diffusion in response to concentration gradients

Oxygen

A clear, odorless gas that constitutes approximately 21% of the air we breathe, is necessary for proper functioning of all the living cells

Nitrogen

78.04% of the air we inhale

Oxygen Therapy

is a medical treatment that involves providing supplemental oxygen to patients who are experiencing hypoxemia, or low blood oxygen levels

Low-flow systems

use small-bore tubing and include devices such as nasal cannulas, face masks, oxygen tents, and transtracheal catheters.

High-flow systems

on the other hand, provide a precise and consistent amount of oxygen regardless of the patient’s breathing pattern

• The Venturi mask, equipped with large-bore tubing, is a ___ device that delivers a specific and steady FiO2, ensuring the patient receives an accurate concentration of oxygen during ventilation

Suctioning

is a technique used to clear a patient’s airway by removing mucus, secretions, or other obstructions using a suction catheter.

• It’s performed when a patient cannot effectively clear the airway due to weakness, sedation, or a compromised cough reflex, as seen with intubated patients or those with a tracheostomy. This procedure helps maintain airway patency and prevents respiratory complications like hypoxia or infection

Endotracheal suctioning

This technique involves inserting a suction catheter into the ET tube to remove secretions from the trachea and lower airways, helping to maintain a clear airway and optimal ventilation

Tracheostomy Suctioning

Is used for patients with a tracheostomy (an opening created in the neck to the trachea)

Yankauer Suctioning

suction catheter is a rigid, curved tube used for oral suctioning, primarily to remove thick secretions from the mouth and oropharynx.

• It is commonly used in surgical settings, as well as for patients who need frequent oral secretion removal but do not tolerate other suctioning methods well