1527 - 1540 Foreign Policy

what were H8s main aims

maintain control of his kingdom, stop Catholic countries from uniting against him, achieve divorce from CoA & marriage to Anne Boleyn

what did H8 do in 1527 to maintain control of his kingdom

H8 and Wolsey were forced by their weak position to make an anti-Imperial alliance with the French in the Treaty of Amiens in 1527.

when was the Treaty of Aimens

1527

what was the impact of H8s failure to solve his Great matter by diplomatic means

emphasised the extent to which England remained a minor power in Europe

how was H8s relationship with Ireland in terms of maintaining control of his kingdom

The relationship between the Earl of Kildare & H8 broke down. H8 dismissed Kildare in 1534. H8 struggled to govern Ireland without Kildare. Kildare’s dismissal led to a major rebellion in Ireland led by Kildare’s son which was suppressed with difficulty & at considerable expense.

what did H8 try to do with Ireland in 1534

refashion the Irish gov by brining it more directly under English control

was H8 successful in refashioning the Irish gov

H8s attempts to reform the Irish government failed utterly as it required royal government through an English born deputy supported by a substantial military presence - Ireland became an increasing drain on the Crown’s resources

when did H8 try to refashion the Irish gov

1534

what other factors improved H8s chances of maintaining control of his kingdom

The death of CoA & the execution of Anne Boleyn opened up the possibility of a renewed alliance with the HRE. 

The renewal of fighting between the HRE and Francis I reduced the potential danger of England's isolated position.

what happened in 1539 that threatened H8s ability to maintain control of his kingdom

Gaelic lords Con O’Neil & Manus O’Donnel invaded the Pale in 1539.

who invaded the Pale

Gaelic lords Con O’Neil & Manus O’Donnel

when was the invasion of the Pale

1539

what was the impact of the invasion of the Pale

The government lacked resources to follow through on reforms following the invasion of the Pale

what did H8 do to try & stop Catholic countries uniting against him?

H8 tried to reinforce his position by making an alliance with the League of Schmalkalden (marriage to Anne of Cleves)

H8s enthusiasm for the Six Articles Act of 1539 which was intended to reassure Catholic opinion in England.

was H8 successful in alliance with the League Schmalkalden

failed because of mutual distrust

what was actions did the Pope take against H8

Pope Paul III published a bull deposing H8 & therefore absolving English Catholics from the need to obey their ruler.

The Pope sent envoys to both France & Scotland to rouse support for a Catholic crusade against H8.

how did H8 succeed in stoping Catholic countries uniting agisnt him

H8s position was more secure than it appeared due to neither France or HRE trusting each other & having more important priorities

how did relations between France & HRE affect H8s aim of stopping Catholic countries uniting against him

France & HRE formed the Treaty of Nice 1538 & agreed to sever connections with England.

Relations between France & HRE broke down leaving H8s in a much more secure position & the marriage to Anne of Cleves politically redundant.

how did H8 go about achieving his aim of divorce from CoA & marriage to Anne Boleyn

Wolsey sought to pressurise the emperor by imposing a trade embargo with the Burgundian lands.
Made a fragile alliance with France in 1532 to help shore up his position concerning his Great Matter.

what did H8 do in 1532 concerning his Great Matter

made an alliance with France

did Wolsey’s embargo help the Great Matter?

Charles Vs retaliation created widespread unemployment & social problems in England forcing Wolsey to back down.

how did the position of the HRE affect H8s position to solve the Great Matter

Charles Vs dominance ensured that H8s attempts to solve his marital issues were doomed to failure.

how was Charles V position in Europe

Charles V strength exemplified by his victory over the French at the Battle of Landriano in 1529 & his dominance over the Pope (Peace of Cambrai 1529)

did the alliance with France in 1532 work?

France was in a weak position in 1532 so even together England & France could put little pressure on the Emperor.

what was the end result of the 1532 allaince with France

France was in a weak position in 1532 so even together England & France could put little pressure on the Emperor.