bodily systems+death (9+23)

homeostasis

the condition where all body systems are balanced and work together to maintain internal stability.

metabolism

physical and chemical processes that break down or transform substances into energy or products used by the body.

organs

structural units of the body that perform specific functions.

tissues

groups of cells that perform similar tasks.

cells

basic structural units of the body that divide, develop, and die to renew tissues and organs.

integument

a natural protective covering.

dilate

to widen.

constrict

to narrow.

bones

rigid connective tissues that form the skeleton, protect organs, and allow movement.

joint

the place where two bones meet.

muscles

groups of tissues that create movement, protect organs, and produce body heat.

atrophy

wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of use.

contracture

permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to inactivity.

central nervous system (CNS)

the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord.

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

the nervous system made up of nerves extending throughout the body.

systole

the phase when the heart contracts and pushes blood out of the left ventricle.

diastole

the phase when the heart relaxes or rests.

respiration

the process of inhaling and exhaling air through the lungs.

inspiration

inhaling air into the lungs.

expiration

exhaling air out of the lungs.

sputum

thick mucus coughed up from the lungs.

urinary incontinence

inability to control the bladder, causing involuntary urine loss.

peristalsis

involuntary contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal tract.

glucose

natural sugar used for energy.

digestion

the physical and chemical process of preparing food for absorption.

absorption

the transfer of nutrients from the intestines into the cells.

elimination

the process of removing waste products from the body.

fecal incontinence

inability to control the bowels, causing involuntary stool passage.

glands

organs that produce and release hormones.

hormones

chemical substances created by the body that control body functions.

gonads

sex glands.

reproduce

to create new human life.

nonspecific immunity

immunity that protects the body from disease in general.

specific immunity

immunity that protects the body against a specific disease.

lymph

a clear yellowish fluid containing disease-fighting lymphocytes.