Chapter 26 EMT

A fractured femur can result in the loss of __________ or more blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.
A. 1 L
B. 500 mL
C. 250 mL
D. 2 L

A. 1 L

An organ or tissue might better resist the damage from hypoperfusion if the:
A. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6 F
B. systolic arterial blood pressure is at least 60 mm Hg
C. heart rate is maintained at more than 100 beats/min
D. body's demand for oxygen is markedly increased

A. body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6 F

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma:
A. should be assumed to be caused by a fractured septum
B. should be controlled by packing the nostril with gauze
C. is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped
D. is usually due to hypertension caused by the head injury

C. is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped

Capillaries link the arterioles and the:
A. aorta
B. venules
C. veins
D. cells

B. venules

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:
A. significant hypertension
B. widespread ecchymosis
C. pain and distension
D. bruising only

C. pain and distension

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:
A. veins carry deoxygenated blood
B. blood typically oozes from a vein
C. veins are under a lower pressure
D. veins hold smaller blood volume

C. veins are under a lower pressure

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if the patient presents with:
A. hemoptysis
B. hematuria
C. dyspnea
D. hematemesis

D. hematemesis

Hypoperfusion is another name for:
A. cyanosis
B. hypoxemia
C. cellular death
D. shock

D. shock

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
A. the clotting ability of the blood in enhanced
B. at least 10% of the patient's blood volume is lost
C. low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion
D. the patient's systolic BP is less than 100 mm Hg

C. low fluid volume leads to inadequate perfusion

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:
A. a decreasing BP
B. a rapid, thready pulse
C. rapid, shallow breathing
D. dizziness upon standing

D. dizziness upon standing

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding might be:
A. a heart rate over 120 beats/min
B. a low BP
C. diaphoresis and pale skin
D. weakness or dizziness

D. weakness or dizziness

Internal bleeding into a fractured extremity is MOST often controlled by:
A. applying a tourniquet
B. applying chemical ice pack
C. keeping the patient warm
D. splinting the extremity

D. splinting the extremity

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:
A. applying local direct pressure
B. compressing a pressure point
C. packing the wound with gauze
D. elevating the injured extremity

A. applying local direct pressure

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the:
A. effective removal of carbon dioxide and other metabolic waste products from the body's cells
B. circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs
C. effective transfer of oxygen from the venules across the systemic capillary membrane walls
D. ability of the systemic arteries to constrict as needed to maintain an adequate BP

B. circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the body's metabolic needs

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.
A. 15%
B. 5%
C. 10%
D. 20%

D. 20%

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is most related to:
A. how fast his or her heart beats
B. the part of the body injured
C. his or her baseline BP
D. how rapidly he or she bleeds

D. how rapidly he or she bleeds

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings , EXCEPT:
A. systolic BP
B. the MOI
C. clinical signs & symptoms
D. poor general appearance

A. systolic BP

Which of the following body systems or components is the least critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?
A. the filtering of blood cells in the spleen
B. an intact system of blood vessels
C. adequate blood in the vasculature
D. an effectively pumping heart

A. the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2-3 hours?
A. skeletal muscle
B. heart
C. brain
D. kidneys

A. skeletal muscle

Which of the following splinting devices would be most appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?
A. air splint
B. vacuum splint
C. sling and swathe
D. cardboard splint

A. air splint