Medical Terminology Module 5: Respiratory System and Diagnostic Procedures Intro

two types of respiration

external respiration and internal respiration

external resperation

exchange of oxygen and carbon between respiratory system and external environment

internal respiration

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between cells in the body and bloodstream

CO2 is waste from aerobic cell respiration, transported back to lungs for exhalation

nose

nas/o, rhin/o, entrance to the respiratory system, warms and moistens air with inspiration

rhinoplasty

repair the nose

nasal septum

(sept/o) midline partition that separates the interior of the nose

septoplasty

surgical repair of the septum

paranasal sinuses

sinus/o, air containing cavities in the bones around the nose, lined with mucus membranes, produce secretions that drain and lubricate nasal cavity, four sets

pharynx

pharyng/o

pharynx definition

tubelike structure about five inches long, within has adenoids

adenoids

adenoid/o

tonsils

tonsil/o

adenoids and tonsils

within pharynx, paired organs, masses of lymphatic tissue, help filter harmful pathogens that enter the body through the nose and mouth

what does the pharynx transition into

the larynx

larynx word term

laryng/o

epiglottis

epiglott/o

epiglottis definition

leaf shaped flat of tissue, covers entrance to larynx

what happens if the epiglottis is infected?

serious, can prevent exchange of air

trachea

trache/o

trachea definition

windpipe, cylindrical tube in the neck approximately five inches, extends from the larynx to divide

bronchi definition

trachea divides into two tubes

bronchiole 

bronchiol/o

what to bronci divide into

they divide into smaller branches

Alveolar ducts

bronchioles form microscopic tubes

alveoli

alveol/oalveo

alveoli definition

clusters of millions of minute air sacs that form ducts

have thin walls, 1 cell thick, exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide, thin walls move o2 to the bloodstream, tissues, c02 enters air sacs

pneum/o

lungs

peumat/o

lungs

pneumon/o

lungs

pulmon/o

lungs

lungs definition

cone shaped organs, primary structure of the respiratory system, exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

lob/o

lobes

right lung

has 3 lobes, upper, middle and lower

left lung

has only two, upper and lower

diaphragmatic

muscular partition, separates thoracic and abdominal cavity, muscle that controls breathing

diaphragmat/o

diaphragm

phren/o

diaphragm

thoracic cavity

hollow space between neck and diaphragm

pleur/o

pleural 

pleural

double folded membrane, folds over to form lining of chest wall, contains small amount of fluid, keeping lungs inflated and lubricates them in

pleural cavity

space separating pleura

brathing process

diaphragm contracts, the lungs expand, pulling air into the lungs, relaxing lungs recoil, pushing air back out

mediastinum

central portion of chest cavity, space between lungs, contains heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchiole tubes, major blood vessels and other structures

rhinitis

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, swelling of membranes, nasal discharge

viral rhinitis

acute form, common cold, may be more complicated by inflammation of the sinuses

adenoiditis

inflammation of the adenoids

tonsillitus

inflammation of the tonsils, usually accompanied by adenoiditis, appear red and swollen, can possibly enlarge too much, could obstruct pharynx and flow of air

laryngitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of larynx, swelling of vocal chords 

if untreated, may develop into epiglottis because epiglottis is structure that covers opening of larynx

tracheitis

inflammation of trachea, triggered by allergic responsive, excessive alcohol and diseases like emphysema

-stenosis

means stiffeningt

tracheostenosis

stiffening and narrowing of trachea, tracheitis could turn into this, medical emergency, may require surgical intervention to fix issue

pertussis

highly contagious bacterial infection of respiratory tract, crowing inspiration, wheezing, whooping cough,

accompanied by upper respiratory infection - viral infection of nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx,