CHPS 222 - Chapter 1 Complete Master Cheat Sheet Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering roots, combining forms, prefixes, suffixes, singular/plural transformations, key definitions, and commonly confused medical term pairs from CHPS 222 Chapter 1.

Root

The central foundation and core element that provides the core meaning of a medical term.

Combining Form

A root combined with a combining vowel (e.g., root + combining vowel).

Prefix

A word element that always appears at the beginning of a term preceding a root to change its meaning.

Suffix

A group of letters attached to the end of a root or combining form to change its meaning.

Medical Term Deconstruction Rule

Always begin deconstructing a medical term by identifying its suffix first.

axill/

Root / Combining Form meaning armpit.

bronch/

Root / Combining Form meaning bronchus.

bronch/o

Root / Combining Form meaning bronchus.

cardi/

Root / Combining Form meaning heart.

cardi/o

Root / Combining Form meaning heart.

cervic/

Root / Combining Form meaning neck.

cyte/

Root / Combining Form meaning cell.

electr/o

Root / Combining Form meaning electricity.

farct/

Root / Combining Form meaning area of dead tissue.

gastr/

Root / Combining Form meaning stomach.

gnose/

Root / Combining Form meaning recognize an abnormal condition.

gnosis/

Root / Combining Form meaning knowledge of an abnormal condition.

hem/o

Root / Combining Form meaning blood.

isch/

Root / Combining Form meaning to block.

later/

Root / Combining Form meaning side.

mature/

Root / Combining Form meaning fully developed.

muc/

Root / Combining Form meaning mucus.

my/o

Root / Combining Form meaning muscle.

nat/

Root / Combining Form meaning birth or born.

neur/o

Root / Combining Form meaning nerve.

pneum/

Root / Combining Form meaning lung or air.

pneum/o

Root / Combining Form meaning air, lung.

pneumon/

Root / Combining Form meaning lung, air.

pulmon/

Root / Combining Form meaning lung.

pulmon/o

Root / Combining Form meaning lung.

respir/

Root / Combining Form meaning to breathe.

respir/a

Root / Combining Form meaning to breathe.

tens/

Root / Combining Form meaning pressure.

thorax

Root / Combining Form meaning chest.

ur/o

Root / Combining Form meaning urine.

bi-

Prefix meaning two.

dia-

Prefix meaning complete.

epi-

Prefix meaning above.

hyper-

Prefix meaning above normal / higher than normal.

hypo-

Prefix meaning below normal / less than normal.

in-

Prefix meaning in.

macro-

Prefix meaning large.

micro-

Prefix meaning small.

peri-

Prefix meaning around.

post-

Prefix meaning after.

pre-

Prefix meaning before.

pro-

Prefix meaning before; project forward.

uni-

Prefix meaning one.

-al

Suffix meaning pertaining to.

-ary

Suffix meaning pertaining to.

-ation

Suffix meaning process.

-atory

Suffix meaning pertaining to.

-emia

Suffix meaning a blood condition.

-emic

Suffix meaning pertaining to a condition of the blood.

-gram

Suffix meaning record.

-ia

Suffix meaning condition.

-ic

Suffix meaning pertaining to.

-itis

Suffix meaning inflammation.

-ive

Suffix meaning pertaining to / suffering from.

-ion

Suffix meaning action; condition.

-tion

Suffix meaning condition; action.

-logist

Suffix meaning one who studies and is a specialist in.

-logy

Suffix meaning study of.

-osa

Suffix meaning full of; like.

-ous

Suffix meaning pertaining to.

-pathy

Suffix meaning disease.

-scope

Suffix meaning instrument for viewing.

-scopy

Suffix meaning to examine; view.

-tic

Suffix meaning pertaining to.

-um

Suffix meaning structure.

ilium

Bone in the pelvis.

ileum

Segment / third portion of the small intestine.

mucus

Noun: sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes.

mucous

Adjective: pertaining to mucus or the mucosa.

mucosa

Lining of a tubular structure that secretes mucus.

cervical

Adjective that can pertain to the neck OR to the cervix.

cervix

Lower part of the uterus.

prostate

Gland at the base of the male urinary bladder.

prostrate

To lie flat / be overcome by physical weakness or exhaustion.

reflex

Involuntary response to a stimulus.

reflux

Backward flow.

ureter

Tube from kidney to urinary bladder.

urethra

Canal from bladder to outside.

neurology

Medical specialty of disorders of the nervous system.

urology

Medical specialty of disorders of the urinary system.

-a (singular) ending change

Plural ending is -ae (example: axilla -> axillae).

-ax (singular) ending change

Plural ending is -aces (example: thorax -> thoraces).

-en (singular) ending change

Plural ending is -ina (example: lumen -> lumina).

-ex (singular) ending change

Plural ending is -ices (example: cortex -> cortices).

-is (singular) ending change

Plural endings are -es (example: diagnosis -> diagnoses) or -ides (example: epididymis -> epididymides).

-ix (singular) ending change

Plural ending is -ices (example: appendix -> appendices).

-ma (singular) ending change

Plural ending is -mata (example: carcinoma -> carcinomata).

-on (singular) ending change

Plural ending is -a (example: ganglion -> ganglia).

-um (singular) ending change

Plural ending is -a (example: septum -> septa).

-us (singular) ending change

Plural endings can be -era (example: viscus -> viscera), -i (example: villus -> villi), or -ora (example: corpus -> corpora).

-x (singular) ending change

Plural ending is -ges (example: phalanx -> phalanges).

-y (singular) ending change

Plural ending is -ies (example: ovary -> ovaries).

-yx (singular) ending change

Plural ending is -ices (example: calyx -> calices).