Unit 1: Nursing Theory

theory

system of ideas that is presumed to explain a given phenomenon

systematic explanation of an event

theory (streubert & carpenter, 2011)

where constructs and concepts are identified, relationships are proposed and predictions are made

theory (chinn & kramer, 2018)

creative and rigorous structuring of ideas

theory (young et al., 2001)

interpretative assumptions

concepts

building blocks of theories, pattern of shared understanding

abstract concepts

mentally formulated

concrete concepts

directly experienced

relationship statements

specific relationship between two or more concepts

propositions

statement of relationship

hypothesis

tentative suggestion

laws

validated relationship

axioms

relational statements (abstract)

assumption

beliefs are accepted as true

phenomenon

designation of an aspect of reality

event that sparks speculation

conceptual model/framework

set of interrelated concepts

hall’s 3 aspects of nursing

core (person), care (body), cure (disease)

importance of nursing theories

theory offers structure and organization

provides a systematic means of collecting data

importance of nursing theories (omrey, et al., 1995)

clarify that expert nursing practice is different from the simple doing of tasks

florence nightingale

she took charge and changed mortality rate from 42% to 2% in 6 months

influenced nursing education (nursing education =/= medical knowledge)

focused on patient care being environmental and holistic

crimean war

1854-1856, where a lot of soldiers were injured

notes in nursing: what it is and what it is not

nightingale’s book that was published in england 1859, and america 1960

school of nursing at st. thomas’ hospital in london

the school that was founded by florence nightingale in 1860

another name: nightingale training school and home for nurses

curriculum era (20th century)

focused on what nurses should study

standard curriculum, education went from hospitals to universities

research era (mid-20th century)

engaged in scientific research, need for conceptual studies

graduate education

master’s and doctoral programs, specialities

theory era (1970s-1980s)

nursing recognized as an academic discipline

fawcett’s metaparadigm

person, environment, health, nursing

unified nursing knowledge

theorists: orem, roy, rogers, peplau

theory utilization era (late 20th century-present)

apply theory to practice, evidence-based nursing

for the discipline

(a branch of education, domain of knowledge)

nursing as an academic discipline

theories make it so that nursing is not just vocational but scholarly

for the profession

specialized field of practice founded on the theoretical structure of the science

specialized knowledge, higher education training, service to human and social welfare, autonomy in professional policy

theory-based practice ensures quality, accountability, and systematic patient care

for the profession (bixler & bixler, 1959)

nursing achieved recognition as a profession

women’s roles

instinctive, women care for others, care was related to physical comfort

men’s roles

strong presence in critical care, psychiatric, and emergency nursing

religion

love thy neighbor, good samaritan

nursing leaders

helped shaped the profession

florence nightingale (1820-1910)

lady with the lamp

clara barton (1821-1921)

school teacher who volunteered during the war, founded the american red cross

linda richards (1841-1930)

america’s first trained nurse, made nurse’s and doctor’s notes, psychiatric and industrial

mary mahoney (1845-1926)

first african american professional nurse, promotion of equal opportunity

lilian wald (1867-1940)

founder of public health nursing, serving the poor in new york city slums

lavinia dock (1858-1956)

fought for women’s right to vote, allow nurses to control their profession, school for nurses in the usa

margaret higgins sanger (1879-1965)

public health nurse in new york city, imprisoned for opening the first birth control information clinic, founder of planned parenthood

mary breckinridge (1881-1965)

founder of the frontier nursing service

luther christman (1915-2011)

pennsylvania hospital school of nursing for men

first male dean of vauderbilt

ernest grant (1958)

first male president of american nurses association in january 2019