Biomedical Terminology - Chapter 2

red- cavities; blue- divisions of spinal column; yellow- planes of body

circulatory system

transports blood throughout the body (heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries)

lymphatic system

includes lymph vessels and nodes that carry fluid (lymph- contains white blood cells that fight disease)

digestive system

brings food into body and breaks it down so it can enter bloodstream; food removed from system as waste (mouth, stomach, and intestines)

endocrine system

composed of glands, sends chemical messengers called hormones into blood to act on other glands and organs (thyroid gland, adrenal glands and pituitary glands)

female and male reproductive systems

produce cells (eggs and sperm) that join to form the embryo which develops in uterus (male testes and female ovaries)

musculoskeletal system

including bones, joints and other connective tissues, such as cartilage; supports body and allows it to move

nervous system

carries electrical messages to and from brain and spinal cord

respiratory system

controls breathing, a process air enters and leaves body (trachea, bronchial tubes and lungs)

skin and sense organ system

receives messages from environment and sends to brain (skin, eyes and ears)

urinary system

produces urine and sends it out of body through kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra

cavity

space that contains organs

cranial cavity

located in head and surrounded by skull; contains brain, etc.

thoraic cavity

surrounded by breastbone and ribs; lungs, heart, windpipe, etc. (aka chest cavity)

pleura

double membrane surrounding lungs

pleural cavity

space between pleura

mediastinum

area between lungs

abdominal cavity

space below thoracic; stomach, liver and intestines

diaphragm

muscle that separates abdominal and thoracic cavity

peritoneum

attaches abdominal organs to muscles to hold in place

pelvic cavity

below abdominal cavity; urinary bladder, anus and uterus

pelvis

bones of hip

spinal cavity

space surrounded by spinal column

cervical

neck region; 7 bones; C1-7

thoracic

chest region; 12 bones; T1-12

lumbar

loin/ waist region; 5 bones; S1-5

sacral

sacrum/ lower back region; 5 bones; S1-5

coccygeal

coccyx/ tailbone region

frontal (coronal) plane

vertical plane (front and back)

sagittal plane

vertical plane (left and right)

transverse (axial) plane

horizontal plane

abdominal

pertaining to abdomen

anterior

pertaining to front

bronchoscopy

examination of bronchial tubes

cervical

pertaining to neck/ uterus

chondroma

tumor of cartilage

chondrosarcoma

malignant tumor of cartilage

coccygeal

pertaining to coccyx

craniotomy

cutting into skull

epithelial

pertaining to skin

esophageal

pertaining to esophagus

hepatitis

inflammation of liver

laparoscopy

examination of abdomen

laryngeal

pertaining to larynx

laryngectomy

removal of larynx

lateral

pertaining to side

lumbar

pertaining to loin

lymphocyte

white cell

mediastinal

pertaining to mediastinum

pelvic

pertaining to pelvis

peritoneal

pertaining to peritoneum

pharyngeal

pertaining to pharynx

pleuritis

inflammation of pleura

posterior

pertaining to behind

radiology

study of x-rays

sacral

pertaining to sacrum

spinal

pertaining to spine

thoracotomy

cutting into chest

thoracic

pertaining to chest

tracheotomy

cutting into trachea

vertebral

pertaining to vertebra