FinalExam-SWRK1180

What is the central role of the state in feminist critique?

The state plays a central role in the subordination of women and domination by men.

What term from First Nations culture recognizes gender as a continuum?

Two-spirited

What determines human sex

chromosomes, ovaries and testes, womb or no womb, hormones, and genitals

What is racism?

belief that there are human groups with particular characteristics that make them superior or inferior to others.

What are the typical characteristics associated with racism?

physical characteristics that are believed to determine the superiority or inferiority of human groups.

What is the Head Tax?

flat fee that each Chinese immigrant had to pay to enter Canada.

When was the Head Tax levied?

between 1885 and 1923.

What does anti-Semitism refer to?

judgments against, hatred of, or discrimination against Jews as an ethnic, religious, or racial group

Who is the target of anti-Semitism?

jews as an ethnic, religious, or racial group

What is internment?

members of ethnic minority groups whom it defined as 'enemy aliens' were uprooted from their homes and held in prison camps during WWI and WWII.

During which wars did internment occur?

during WWI and WWII.

When did Canada practice slavery?

Until the 19th century.

What were some discriminatory practices faced by Black Canadians?

enforced segregated schools, and limited property rights.

Is anti-Black racism still an issue today?

Yes, as a systemic issue.

Immigration Policy (Before 1967)

nationality was the main criterion for admission to Canada.

Economic Class immigration

skilled workers, business owners, and entrepreneurs

Family Class immigration

requires a sponsor to provide economic and personal support for three to ten years.

Refugee Class immigration

includes individuals who need protection from persecution in their home country.

When were the immigration classes introduced?

1967

What is the point system in immigration?

qualify based on education, work experience, language fluency, and age

What term is preferable to 'visible minorities'?

racialized minorities or groups

What percentage of Canada's total population is racialized?

19.1%

What is a hate crime?

prejudice-motivated crimes targeting victims based on social group membership.

What is Family Reunification?

under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act allowing specific members to be sponsored for permanent residence in Canada.

Types of Feminism: When was the first wave of Liberal Feminism and what was it about?

19th and early 20th Century. Equal opportunity and equal rights on political issues such as temperance (end of the use of alcohol) and gaining the vote.

Types of Feminism: When was the second wave of Liberal Feminism and what was it focused on?

since the 1960s. Equality and civil rights, reforming existing institutions, establishing women's capacity for rational thought, meritocracy, equal opportunity for women and freedom of choice.

What is one criticism of Liberal Feminism?

fails to see how the system is set up for men, thus the resistance to change.

Patriarchy

male power and control over women's sexuality and biology (reproductive capacity).

What are some contributions of Radical Feminism?

drawn attention to problems not emphasized by other types of feminism such as domestic violence, rape, sexuality, and reproductive technologies.

What concept does Radical Feminism emphasize?

personal is political.

How did Radical Feminism contribute to social services?

instrumental in establishing separate social services provided by women for women and challenging the sexism of the medical profession.

What is a common criticism of Radical Feminism regarding its idealism?

naive and idealist (subversion of values and practices)

What responsibilities do women often have in the family?

childcare and elder care

Which groups of women are among the poorest in Canadian society?

over 65, living with disabilities, Aboriginal, and lone parent.

What challenges do women face in the labor force?

occupational segregation, lower earnings, pensions, and benefits

What critique is associated with racialized women in the context of ideologies?

criticism of white men and white feminists for ignoring race and gender biases

What defines systemic racism?

basis for how individual and institutional racism is played out

What characterizes institutional racism?

subtle, found in policies and practices

What is systemic racism?

basis for how individual and institutional racism is played out

Responses to Racism

assimilation, multiculturalism and anti-racism

In North America, Social work is based on what?

humanitarian and egalitarian ideal. However, it operates within a social order based on an inequality whereby a minority controls and exploits the majority

Where does the word Structural mean?

problems that confront social work, in that they are inherent, built-in part of our present social order.

how does the social institution function?

against people along lines of class, gender, race, sexual orientation, age, ability, etc.

Who was the first to use the term "Structural social work"?

first used by Middleman and Goldberg in 1974

Structural approach to social work in Canada was pioneered by?

Maurice Moreau at the school of social work at Carleton University in the mid-1970s.

Where does Radical social work have roots

Settlement house movements (SHM)

What is society according to the major propositions of change perspectives?

setting within which various struggles occur among different groups whose interests, values, and behaviours conflict with one another.

Three requirements of critical social theory?

identify sources of oppression, create an alternative vision for a free life, and communicate this in an understandable way to the oppressed.

What is oppression?

system of advantages and disadvantages tied to our membership in social groups

Restrictiveness Oppression represents

structural and material limitations that significantly shape individual opportunities and one's sense of possibility

What are the basic principles of social justice according to Reisch & Garvin (2015)?

access, equity, rights, participation, self-determination, empowerment, and personal freedom

What is social justice?

movement toward more equality, support for diversity, economic fairness, nonviolent conflict resolution, and participatory democracy.

What does social justice entail?

society treats all members equally and recognizes past inequalities. It advocates for combating discrimination, oppression, and institutional inequalities.

According to Mulally (2007), what does social justice enable individuals to do?

fully participate in social, political, and cultural life

What concept of social justice is associated with Radical Egalitarianism according to Solas (2008)?

radical egalitarianism

Who are considered marginals in society?

Blacks, Indians in Latin America, and Blacks, East Indians, Eastern Europeans, or North Africans in Europe

What is cultural imperialism?

taking the culture of the ruling class and establishing it as the norm.

How does cultural imperialism affect society?

beliefs of the ruling class are widely disseminated, while other groups may be marked by stereotypes and made to feel invisible.

What do stereotypes in cultural imperialism do?

define what marginalized groups can and cannot be.

Structural violence in Six Areas of everyday living

housing, retail, labour market, education, health care and criminal justice system

What percentage of First Nations children live below the poverty line in Canada?

50%

How does the infant mortality rate of First Nations and Inuit families compare to the national average in Canada?

2-4 times higher

What is the difference in average life expectancy between First Nations adults and non-First Nations Canadians?

6.0 years less for First Nations adults

Where do the suicide rates for Indigenous youth in Canada rank globally?

among the highest in the world

What is the core principle of critical social work?

provide practical humanitarian care to the victims and casualties of our inherently oppressive liberal-capitalist society.

What are the major approaches of intrapsychic social work?

working with individuals, groups, or communities.

What is one key aspect for effective structural social work practice?

developing political awareness

What is important for oppressed groups to do in social work practice?

establishing solidarity with others.

When empowerment is seen as a dialectical process, it occurs in two ways

radical structuralism and Radical humanism

What is radical structuralism?

an approach where structurally oriented groups actively seek more power and influence over organizations like schools and hospitals.

What does empowerment involve in radical structuralism?

political and economic process of gaining power and influence over institutions that affect people's lives.

What is critical social theory?

aims to change exploitative and discriminatory aspects of society to create a non-dominating and emancipatory society.

What is the influence of Marxism on critical social theory?

emancipatory ideas of Marxism have influenced the development of critical social theory.

What is the social control function of social welfare in a capitalist society according to Marxism?

social welfare in a capitalist society has an important social control function.

Where do initiatives for social welfare programs often originate from in a capitalist society based on the Marxist view?

initiatives for social welfare programs often come from the sector of the dominant class.

What happens when attempts are made to reform the capitalist system according to Marxism?

attempts to reform the capitalist system only lead to new economic and social contradictions.

How should welfare activities in a capitalist society be viewed according to the Marxist perspective?

avoid wrongful ideological conclusions, welfare activities in a capitalist society must be seen in conjunction with its other interventions and activities.

What is phase one of the cycle of violence theory?

tension building phase - women see tension building knowing there is going to be an explosion.

What is phase two of the cycle of violence theory?

acute battering incident - tension builds in man, and becomes physically violent.

What is phase three of the cycle of violence theory?

honeymoon phase - male says sorry/begs not to leave.

What is the main principle of Anger Control Theory?

men must be held accountable for violent behaviours and learn to deal with their anger.

What approach does Anger Control Theory favor in addressing violent behaviors?

criminalization and punishment-based social work approach.

What is the concept of learning theory in relation to violence?

violence is a behaviour learned in childhood and individuals are socialized to accept violence.

How can behavior change according to learning theory?

behaviour change occurs through education and counselling.

What is one reason for violence against women according to power theory?

power imbalance between men and women

According to power theory, what contributes to the societal problem of violence against women?

continued acceptance of men's right to control women

Role of social worker in supporting survivors of abuse

crisis intervention; Emotional support; Empowerment; Support group facilitation; Provision of info.

What are some challenges faced by women in the workforce?

under-representation in management roles; Part-time work

What are some factors related to women's rights and work conditions?

minimum wage legislation; Maternity and parental leave; Dependent care

How do global economic trends impact women?

free trade and globalization

Gender pay gap

women earn 70 cents for every dollar earned by a man

The fourth wave of the feminism movement

new technology has major implications for social work practice. Facilitates participation in feminist organizations and advocacy.

When did the Third wave feminism movement emerge?

1980s-2000

What concept is central to Third wave feminism?

intersectionality

What does intersectionality in feminism recognize?

gender, ability, age, race, sexuality, class, and nationality intersect in shaping women's experiences

How does Third wave feminism differ from previous waves?

more inclusive approach

What was the main focus of consciousness-raising groups in the Second-wave feminism movement?

questioning gender roles and traditional power relations in society

During which time period did the Second-wave feminism movement take place?

1960s-1980s

Which demographic group were the concerns of Second-wave feminism movement mainly centered around?

white, middle-class women

What was the focus of the first wave of feminism movement?

suffragette movement