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pharisees meaning
separate ones
pharisees description
study the torah
if everyone studies the torah, they will go to the kingdom of god
focuses on the torah
saddecees meaning
sadok/zaddok
sadducees description
focus on temple, ritual
essenes meaning
we don’t know
essenes description
focus on temple, ritual, need for jerusalem reform
dead sea scrolls
zealots meaning
nationalistic “zeal”
zealots description
focus on land/people
roman name of zealots
sicarii
sicarii
assassins
the way meaning
followers of jesus
end of jewish state year
70CE
why was there an end of jewish state
destruction of jeruslem and the temple
orthodox literal meaning
correct, traditional, established
how many orhodox laws are therre
613
what percent of americans are orthodox jews
10%
orthodox judaism
written and oral law
strict and must obey all kosher
no femal rabbis and bat mitzvah
literal intrpretation of orthodox
torah from god cannot be changed
hasidic origin
eastern europe
hasidic meaning
pious
hasidic judaism
less scholarly, more emotion
mysticism
famous holy men
given title “rebbe”
rebbe
enlightened ones
reform meaning
change, update
what percent of americans are reform jews
35%
conservative meaning
traditional, cautious about change
conservative judaism
believed that reforms went too far and rejected too much
accept the binding nature of jewish law
fairly strict on kosher
principles cannot change, but laws can be flexible
some female rabbis and bas mitzvah
what percent of americans are conservative jews
25%
torah meaning
the instruction
aka the law of moses
greek work pentateuch
what does the torah include
bible
genesis
exodus
leviticus
numbers
deuteronomy
mishnah meaning
repetition
secondary
mishnah description
oral law in written form
moses had revelation and wrote down which created the oral law
talmud meaning
instruction
learning
talmud
written record of rabbinic discussions and debates
law ethics, customs and history
septuagint meaning
70
LXX
septuagint description
greek key for understanding the hebrew bible used by all new testament authors
gemara
discussions and interpretations of mishnah that is included in talmud
misrash
sermons from 4th-6th century CE
shabbat english translation
rest, no work
when is shabbat
every friday
shabbat definition
begins with meal on friday
prayer and studies the torah
how long is lunar year
336 days
how long is solar year
365 days
1st month of lunar calendar
nisan
new year of lunar calendar
tishri
names of months in lunar calendar are based on
babylonian (prior to exile they were identified by numbers)
el shaddai
god of the mountain
prophets
spokesperson like isaiah
sacred writings
torah (god’s law) is revelation of god’s will for us
community prayer
jerusalem temple, synagogue
afterlife
heaven or hell
future judaism
end-time - YHWH will re-create all new beginning
rabbi
studies and teaches torah
“brings the word of god to the people”
must know hebrew or can’t become one
in classroom and during sabbath worship
cantor
leads sabbath worship
the singing of psalms and hymns
“brings the phrase of people to god”
tanakh
39 books
torah
nevi’im
ketuvim
rosh ha’shannah english translation
head of the year
rosh ha’shanah celebrates
2 days
creation, new start
bible/people rosh ha’shanah
readings from genesis and adam and eve
ten days of awe
reconciliation and charity
10 days after rosh hashannah to yom kippur
yom kippur english translation
day of at-one-ment
yom kippur celebrates
god’s forgiveness
bible/people in yom kippur
exodus/moses
sukkot english translation
sukkah
booth/tabernacle
sukkot celebrates
build sukkah in backyard
harvest feast
reliving the 40 years in wilderness
bible/people in sukkot
exodus/moses
40 years in wilderness
hanukkah/chanukah english translation
rededication
resistance, revolt, victory
how long does hanukkah last
8 days
what does hanukkah/chanukah celebrate
before it was illegal to practice judaism and abomination of desolation
rededication of Jewish temple to YHWH
bible/people in hanukkah/chanukah
antiochus IV epiphanes
maccabees
hammers
drove the romans out of israel to dedicate to YHWH (creation of hannukah/chanukah)
purim
book of esther
purim english translation
lots, used in games of chance
purim history
takes place in persia, ruled by king xerxes
jewess named esther becomes queen
mordecai hated by haman
hamans plot was to overthrow the king
purim themes
heroism of jews
jews refuse worship of local gods, yet reliable citizens
purim description
plays to re-enact story
dress in costumes
candy,sweets
parades
burn haman in efficacy
what book of the bible never directly states Jesus
Esther
pesach english translation
passover
how long is pesach
7 days
what is pesach
harvest
mark doorposts with blood of lamb so angel of death avoids them
eat unleavened bread and eat seder mealm
god is setting people free
when does shavu’ot happen
7 weeks after passover
shavu’ot english translation
weeks
shavu’ot definition
celebrates moses reception of torah on mount sinai
study torah
flowers and dairy products
greek word of shavu’ot
pentecost
synagogue
the jewish house of worship
community and education center
synagogue english translation
academy
temples meaning
reform synagogues
main services of synagogues (times)
friday night and saturday morning
when must a jewish person be buried
right after their death unless immediate relatives cannot arrive in time (will be postponed one day)
what is forbidden by jewish law for burial
cremation or embalming
however many reform rabbits break this rule
chevra kaddisha
sacred burial society which prepares the body for burial
what are the dead bodies of jewish people dressed in for burial
tachrichim
tallits
tachrichim
white burial shrouds to avoid distinguishing their social class (rich or poor)
tallits
prayer shawls
shemira
principle of honoring the dead and not leaving it until fully buried
traditional jewish funeral process (5)
immediate relatives tear garments to symbolize their loss
recite blessings
casket is carried out by chevra kaddisha
recite psalm 91 while coffin is put into grave
cover coffin with dirt
reform jews burial process (3)
rabbi gives black ribbons to immediate relatives to put on → symbolize their loss
eulogy and prayer
casket is carried out by male members of family
shiva
mourning
what is shiva for traditional jews
cover all mirrors and set on shiva benches
lasts for 7 days
exchange memories
jewish death rituals according to jewish law (6)
washed
in pine coffin
wearing tachrichim
shemira
tear garments (traditional) or given black ribbons to symbolize lost
jewish people recite “baruch dayan emet”
“baruch dayan emet” meaning
blessed be the one true judge
syrian-greek tyrant who tried to eradicate jerusalem
antiochus
