F6 Chemistry

why study

The daily functioning of our bodies is based on chemical reactions and our very hair, skin and nails are made of chemicals. Beauty professionals must have a basic knowledge of chemistry to understand how different chemicals effect hair, nails or skin, and their needs

Chemistry

The science that deals with the composition, structures, and proper-ties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

Matter

Any substance that occupies space and has mass. Exists in the form of solid, liquid or gas.

Element

The simplest form of chemical matter. it cannot be broken down into simpler substances without loss of identity

Atoms

A basic unit of matter with a nucleus at the center surrounded by negatively charged electrons that move around the nucleus in orbits

Molecules

A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite proportions

Compound Molecules

Chemical compounds of two or more atoms of different elements, in fixed proportions. Table salt- Sodium chloride, contains one atom of sodium(Na) and one atom of chlorine (Cl)

Physical change

Change in the form without forming a new substance. Ice becomes water

Chemical Change

A substance's chemical composition, like metal to rust and oxidation of haircolor

Solution

Stable physical mixture of two or more substances in a solvent

Solute

Dissolved substance in a solution

Solvent

The substance, usually liquid, which dissolves another substance to form a solution, with no change in chemical composition

Miscible

When these solutions are mixed together, will stay mixed forming a solution

Immiscible

not capable of being mixed to form stable solutions

Suspension

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid

Surfactant

The primary component of cleaning detergents.

Hydrophilic

Water-loving, being able to combine with or attract water.

Lipophilic

oil loving, have an attraction to fats and oils

Over exposure

To what extent, how prolonged, repeated, or long-term exposure to certain products ingredients can cause sensitivity in some people

Over exposure principle

How overexposure determines toxicity

pH

Potential hydrogen. the small p represents a quantity and the capital H represents the hydrogen ion

pH Scale

Measures the acidity and alkalinity of a substance

Acids

All acids owe their chemical reactivity to the hydrogen ion

Oxidation

Chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide

Oxidizing agent

A substance that releases oxygen

Reducing agent

A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

Exothermic Reaction

Chemical reaction in which heat is released

Combustion

the rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

Labels

Manufacturers of chemicals that are registered with either the EPA or FDA are held to strict standards for their labels

Storage

Chemicals should be locked up at all times. They should never be haphazardly combined together or stored mixed

Mixing

Use a measuring device and make sure that it is cleaned thoroughly between uses

Disposal

In many parts of the country, programs that recycle the chemical waste from beauty services exist and will likely continue to grow

SDS

Formed into 16 categories with 9 accepted pictograms

Carcinogen

A substance that causes or believed to cause cancer

Mutagen

A substance that may cause cancer but not always