Ch. 8 Nutrition and Hydration

Nutrition

how the body uses food to maintain health

nutreint

necessary substance that provides energy

Kinds of nutrients

proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, water

MyPlate guidelines

half fruits and veggies, 1/4 protein and 1/4 grains, with a small portion of dairy on the side

theraputic diet

a food plan that is modified to meet specific health needs, for example, by increasing or decreasing caloric intake, fiber, or other specific nutrients; by omitting specific foods; or by modifying the consistency of foods

modified diets

Diets for people who have certain illnesses; also called special or therapeutic diets.

special diets

certain nutrients or fluids may need to be restricted or removed

low sodium diet

high blood pressure, heart disease, or kidney disease

fluid restricted diet

severe heart or kidney disease, fluid intake is monitored

low protein diet

kidney disease

Low fat diet

lowers cholestrol

Modified calorie diet

used for losing weight or preventing weight gain

diabetic diet

Calories and carbohydrates are carefully controlled in the diets of residents who have diabetes

Vegitarian diets

can be good for diabetes or obesity. no meat involved

Vegan diet

could help with heart disease diabetes or other health issues but are usually used for ethical issues

Pescitarian diet

limiting animal based foods

liquid diet

usually used for before or after surgery

Soft diet and mechanical soft diet

this diet consists of soft or chopped foods that are easy to chew. Foods that are hard to chew and swallow, such as raw vegetables, will be restricted.

pureed diet

blended diet

NPO

nothing by mouth

Dehydration

occours when a person does not have enough fluid in the body

fluid overload

occours when the body can not handle the fluid consumed

edema

swelling

dysphagia

means difficulty swallowing

parenteral nutrition

also called TPN. provides nutrition when someone can not eat or drink

nasogastric tube

inserted into the nose and goes to the stomach

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)

a feeding tube inserted endoscopically into the stomach

gastrotomy

incision of the stomach to insert a peg tube