DH105 Head/Neck Anatomy Final Review Flashcards

What suture is located between the parietal bones (seen from the superior view)?

Saggital suture

What suture is located between the parietal and temporal bones (Seen from the lateral view)?

Squamous suture

What suture is located between the parietal bones and the occipital bone (Seen from the posterior view)?

Lambdoid suture

What is the importance of the pterygoid process?

to produce movement of the mandible

What passes through the foramen rotundum?

Maxillary nerve

What passes through the foramen ovale?

Mandibular nerve

What passes through the stylomastoid foramen?

Facial nerve and stylomastoid artery

What passes through the hypoglossal canal?

Hypoglossal nerve

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

The oculomotor (III) and trochlear nerves (IV), the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (VI) with its frontal, lacrimal, and nasociliary branch, the abducens nerve (VI), and both the ophthalmic veins, superior and inferior.

What passes through the jugular foramen?

Glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and one vein, the internal jugular vein.

What passes through the foramen magnum?

Spinal cord, vertebral arteries, the anterior and posterior spinal arteries, dural veins and the spinal roots of the accessory nerve (CN XI).

What bones form the zygomatic arch?

Zygomatic bone and temporal bone

What bones form the hard palate?

The palatine processes of the maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones.

What is the location of the greater palatine foramen, aterm-12nd lesser palatine foramen?

The lesser palatine foramen is located on the posterolateral corner of the hard palate posterior to the greater palatine foramina, near the junction of the perpendicular and horizontal plates.

What passes through the greater and lesser palatine foramen?

Greater and lesser palatine nerves

What is the alveolar process of the maxilla/mandible?

The part of the bone that contains teeth.

Where is the median palatine suture located and what surface anatomy covers it?

Located between the right and left palatine bones, in the oral cavity; covered by alveolar mucosa.

Where is the incisive foramen located and what surface anatomy covers it?

Located on the hard palate immediately behind the incisor teeth; Covered by Incisive papilla.

What passes through the incisive foramen?

Pterygopalatine nerves to the hard palate. the nasopalatine nerves from the floor of the nasal cavity.

What is the only moveable bone of the skull?

Mandible

What is the name of the injection given to numb the mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars?

Inferior alveolar nerve block

What is the only bone that does not articulate with any other bone - it is suspended by cartilage?

Hyoid bone

Through which bony landmark is the sense of smell carried by olfactory nerves?

Cribiform plate

What is the name of the notch and the anal that is used for the inferior alveolar block?

Coronoid notch

What is the portion of the mandible that articulates with the disc of the TMJ?

Mandibular Fossa

Where is the mandibular notch located?

At the top of the ramus of the mandible

What is the synonymous name for the internal oblique line which also serves as an attachment for what muscle that forms the floor of the mouth?

Mylohyoid line or mylohyoid ridge

When examining the mandible from the medial view, what are the two fossae and what are the names of the glands found in the fossae?

Submandibular fossa and glands

Where are the genial tubercles located and what attaches to them?

located bilaterally around the lingual foramen, on the lingual surface of the mandible giving attachment to geniohyoid inferiorly & genioglossus superiorly

Where is the mandibular foramen and what passes through it?

Location: on the internal surface of the ramus.

Mandibular nerve passes through.

What part of the temporal bone forms the TMJ?

A. Squamous

B. Tympanic

C. Petrous

A. Squamous

The TMJ is made up of the squamous area of the temporal bone, the joint of the condylar head of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.

What are the canal that houses the IA nerve and blood vessels?

Mandibular canal

What are the sinuses that can be palpated during an intraoral exam?

Maxillary sinuses

Contents of the infratemporal fossa:

Maxillary artery, inferior alveolar artery, posterior alveolar artery, Ptyrgoid plexus of veins, mandibular division of the 5th crnial/trigeminal nerve (Includes IA and lingual)

Contents of the Ptyergopalatine fossa:

Maxillary artery

Nno articulation with other bones and is necessary for mastication?

Hyoid bone

The ___________________ of a muscle is generally attached to the LEAST moveable structure.

Origin

Muscles of mastication are:

Masseter. Temporalis. Lateral pterygoid. Medial pterygoid.

Muscles of facial expression:

Auriculars, Occipitofrontalis, Orbicularis oculi, Corrugator supercilii

Hyoid muscles:

digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles

What are the basic movements of the TMJ?

Open and close, lateral deviation, and protrusion/retraction

What are the other 2 names for the articular fossa?

Mandibular fossa, glenoid fossa

What nerve innervated the TMJ?

Mandibular nerve (CN V), the facial nerve (CN VII), C 1, C 2 and C 3.

Retraction of the TMJ:

Posterior movement of the mandible

Protrusion of the TMJ:

Anterior movement of the mandible

What are the 3 ligaments associated with the TMJ?

temporomandibular ligament, stylomandibular ligament, sphenomandibular ligament

Define vein

tubes of circulation that carry oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart.

Define artery

tubes of circulation that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Define anastomosis

A connection or opening between two things that are normally diverging or branching

What are the major arteries that supply the head and neck?

Carotid and vertebral arteries

What artery can be visibly noted during an EOE in the temporal region?

Superficial temporal artery

What network of veins surrounds and protects the maxillary artery? Is it also found in the infratemporal fossa.

Pterygoid plexus

What structures are supplied by the lingual artery?

tongue, sublingual gland, gingiva and oral mucosa of the floor of the mouth

What are the 4 branches of the external carotid artery?

superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, and posterior auricular arteries

The sphenoid bone has a venous sinus cavity that allows many cranial nerves to pass through it. This cavity also can help to promote systemic infection of a periapical abscess progresses. What is the name of the cavity?

Nasal cavity

Define endocrine gland:

An organ that makes hormones that are released directly into the blood and travel to tissues and organs all over the body

Define Exocrine gland:

A gland that makes substances such as sweat, tears, saliva, milk, and digestive juices, and releases them through a duct or opening to a body surface.

Which salivary glad is the Wharton Duct associated? Stenson Duct? Bartholin Duct?

Wharton: Submandibular

Stenson: Parotid

Bartholin: Sublingual

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

next to the two thyroid gland lobes in the neck.

What are von Ebner's glands and what type of saliva do they secrete?

Minor salivary glands; serous fluid.

What are the branches of the maxillary nerve (V2)?

Zygomatic nerve, infraorbital nerve, and anterior superior alveolar nerve

What are the branches of the mandibular nerve (V3)?

Auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar nerve, mental, incisive and mylohyoid nerves.

Which nerve is associated with the gag reflex?

glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX)

Define primary node:

where lymphocytes are formed and mature.

Define secondary node:

where the cells of the immune system do their actual job of fighting off germs and foreign substances

Define Lymph:

A colorless fluid containing white blood cells, which bathes the tissues and drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream.

Define Lymphadenopathy:

a disease affecting the lymph nodes.

What are the deep lymph nodes of the head?

occipital, mastoid, superficial and deep parotid, submandibular and submental lymph nodes.

Which are suprahyoid muscles?

mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, and digastric muscles

Which are infrahyoid muscles?

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid muscles

What are the deep cervical lymph nodes?

prelaryngeal, thyroid, paratracheal and pretracheal nodes

What nerve provides general and taste sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

What nerve provides general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Lingual nerve

What nerve provides general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Facial nerve

What nerve provides motor innervation to all the muscles of the tongue?

hypoglossal nerve