Studied by 44 people
virginia plan
called for representation in congress by population or amount of money given.
representative government
idea that government should serve the will of the people.
conneticut compromise
agreement states should be represented equally in the senate and by population in the house.
anti-federalists
those for whom the constitution represented a too powerful government.
magna carta
first english charter of liberties.
boycott
refusing to buy or sell goods.
petition of right
statement that parliament forced the king to sign, declaring that even a king must obey the law of the land.
propriety colonies
organized by people whom the king made a grant of land available and could be settled in whatever manner they see fit.
unicameral
from its one chamber, the ________ legislature of the second continental congress exercised both legislative and executive powers.
repeal
The colonists organized a boycott of all trade with england, hoping to force the _______ of restrictive laws.
charter
some of the thirteen colonies were established by _______, under a grant of authority from the english crown.
ratification
no one opposed _________ of the constitution more than patrick henry.
the intolerable acts
led to the first continental congress.
creation of army, money system, and treaties
second continental congress led to ______________.
change to the constitution
what is an amendment?
rule of law
the government and its officers must obey the _______, which is another way of describing the concept of limited government.
article
an ______ is one of the seven numbered sections of the constitution.
checks and balances
the system of ___________ helps keep one branch of government from dominating.
separation of powers
the constitution provides for the ______________ by creating three branches of government.
executive agreement
an ______________ carried the same force of law as a treaty.
unconstitutional
a government action that denies someone equal treatment under the law can be declared _________.
the bill of rights
the first ten amendments are called _____________.
formal amendment
changes to the written constitution may be made only through the process of _______________.
division of powers
the separation of government power between the national and a state government is called ______________.
exclusive
_________ powers are exercised solely by the national government.
privilege and immunities
_______________ clause provides that a state cannot take unfair advantage of laws from another state.
act of admission
in order for a new state to be admitted, congress must pass an ____________ after the state constitution has been approved.
grant-in-aid
states receive grants of land from the ____________ program to establish schools and colleges.
enabling act
congress must pass an ____________ before a territory can begin writing a state constitution for becoming a new state.
enabling act
a territory seeking statehood is first directed to prepare a state constitution by means of an ______________.
delegated powers
the national government has three types of __________________ that have been granted to it in the constitution.
medium
means of communication that transmits some kind of information.
interest group
private organization that works to affect public policy.
sample
portion of population that can represent the whole population.
sound bite
sharply focused short report that can be aired in thirty to forty seconds.
straw vote
poll that tries to assess opinion simply by asking the same question to a large number of people.
public opinion
government or political attitudes by a significant number of people.
random sampling
sample in which each member of the universe has an equal chance of being included.
quota sample
sample constructed to represent the major characteristics of the universe.
mass media
means of communication that reach widely dispersed audiences at the same time.
mandate
instructions or demands that voters give their elected officials.
quota
in a ______ sample, people are polled based on percentages that are set to reflect the makeup of the whole group.
opinion
because so many people listened to a poet’s political verses, he became an _________ leader.
opinion
the president hoped to sway public __________ by asking people to reconsider the issue based on new information that had been revealed.
mass media
_____________, including TV and radio, have a huge effect on the formation of public opinion.
opinion
a senator decided to check the results of a public _________ poll to obtain a sound indicator how his constituency felt about the issue.
peer groups
______________ are made up of people with whom one regularly associates.
affairs
public opinion includes only the views that relate to public ___________.
agenda
the problems that political leaders and citizens agree need attention are known as the public __________.
opinion
an ________ leader is a person who has more than the average influence on public opinion.
resolution
_______ is a type of bill that is voted on by either house, but has no force of law.
party caucus
_________ is a closed meeting of the members of each party in the house.
rider
_______ provision added to important bill because it will not pass on its own.
quorum
the majority of the full membership of either house is called the _________.
discharge petition
____________ enables members to force a bill that has been in committee to the floor for consideration, but requires many signatures.
progressive tax
tax that has a higher rate for a higher income.
entitlement
benefit that federal law says must be paid to those who meet eligibility requirements.
estate tax
tax imposed on the assets of one who dies.
continuing resolution
ruling that allows a government agency to function until appropriations are approved.
tax return
declaration of income, exemptions, and deductions claimed.
payroll
tax generally withheld from paychecks and funds social security and medicare programs.
surplus
more annual income received than spent.
gift
tax levied on money or property given to one living person from another.
custom duty
a __________ tax laid on goods brought into the united states from abroad.
regressive
a tax that is set at a flat rate is known as a(n) __________.
continuing
congress passed a _________ resolution for the department of energy to operate until appropriations were approved.
excise tax
a(n) ___________ is a tax levied against the manufacture, sale, and consumption of goods.
uncontrollable
social security benefits are an example of an example of ___________ spending.
cultural revolution
a period in chinese history marked by political and social unrest.
soviets
elected councils that made up the government of the soviet union.
dissolution
a step that the prime minister in japan can take to immediately have a new house of representatives.
perestroika
is gorbachev’s plan for restructuring of political and economic life in the soviet union.
shadow cabinet
function of the british parliament in which appointed members watch over present members.
coalition
temporary alliance of parties for the purpose of forming a government.
consensus
broad agreement among politicians to avoid confrontation.
monarchy
in industrialized democracies today, the tradition of hereditary rule or ________, is largely ceremonial.
nationalization
in 1938, president cardenas of mexico oversaw the ____________ of all US oil companies in his country, acquiring them for public use.
ministers
in great britain, most cabinet members or _________ are members of the house of commons.
NAFTA
the ________ removed trade restrictions among the united states, canada, and mexico which increased cross border trade.
prefectures
japan has 47 _________, the political subdivisions into which the country is divided.
glasnost
________ was the policy under the soviet government that increased toleration of dissent and freedom of expression.
republican
new states are guaranteed a ___________ form of government for each state in the constitution.
mestizo
in mexico, a person with spanish and native american ancestry is referred to as a _________.
list the factors that influence public opinion:
family
education
mass media
peer groups
opinion leaders
historic events
study the amendments!!!!!
i have another knowit of just them!!!!!!!!
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Flashcard (56)