american government-final exam

virginia plan

called for representation in congress by population or amount of money given.

representative government

idea that government should serve the will of the people.

conneticut compromise

agreement states should be represented equally in the senate and by population in the house.

anti-federalists

those for whom the constitution represented a too powerful government.

magna carta

first english charter of liberties.

boycott

refusing to buy or sell goods.

petition of right

statement that parliament forced the king to sign, declaring that even a king must obey the law of the land.

propriety colonies

organized by people whom the king made a grant of land available and could be settled in whatever manner they see fit.

unicameral

from its one chamber, the ________ legislature of the second continental congress exercised both legislative and executive powers.

repeal

The colonists organized a boycott of all trade with england, hoping to force the _______ of restrictive laws.

charter

some of the thirteen colonies were established by _______, under a grant of authority from the english crown.

ratification

no one opposed _________ of the constitution more than patrick henry.

the intolerable acts

led to the first continental congress.

creation of army, money system, and treaties

second continental congress led to ______________.

change to the constitution

what is an amendment?

rule of law

the government and its officers must obey the _______, which is another way of describing the concept of limited government.

article

an ______ is one of the seven numbered sections of the constitution.

checks and balances

the system of ___________ helps keep one branch of government from dominating.

separation of powers

the constitution provides for the ______________ by creating three branches of government.

executive agreement

an ______________ carried the same force of law as a treaty.

unconstitutional

a government action that denies someone equal treatment under the law can be declared _________.

the bill of rights

the first ten amendments are called _____________.

formal amendment

changes to the written constitution may be made only through the process of _______________.

division of powers

the separation of government power between the national and a state government is called ______________.

exclusive

_________ powers are exercised solely by the national government.

privilege and immunities

_______________ clause provides that a state cannot take unfair advantage of laws from another state.

act of admission

in order for a new state to be admitted, congress must pass an ____________ after the state constitution has been approved.

grant-in-aid

states receive grants of land from the ____________ program to establish schools and colleges.

enabling act

congress must pass an ____________ before a territory can begin writing a state constitution for becoming a new state.

enabling act

a territory seeking statehood is first directed to prepare a state constitution by means of an ______________.

delegated powers

the national government has three types of __________________ that have been granted to it in the constitution.

medium

means of communication that transmits some kind of information.

interest group

private organization that works to affect public policy.

sample

portion of population that can represent the whole population.

sound bite

sharply focused short report that can be aired in thirty to forty seconds.

straw vote

poll that tries to assess opinion simply by asking the same question to a large number of people.

public opinion

government or political attitudes by a significant number of people.

random sampling

sample in which each member of the universe has an equal chance of being included.

quota sample

sample constructed to represent the major characteristics of the universe.

mass media

means of communication that reach widely dispersed audiences at the same time.

mandate

instructions or demands that voters give their elected officials.

quota

in a ______ sample, people are polled based on percentages that are set to reflect the makeup of the whole group.

opinion

because so many people listened to a poet’s political verses, he became an _________ leader.

opinion

the president hoped to sway public __________ by asking people to reconsider the issue based on new information that had been revealed.

mass media

_____________, including TV and radio, have a huge effect on the formation of public opinion.

opinion

a senator decided to check the results of a public _________ poll to obtain a sound indicator how his constituency felt about the issue.

peer groups

______________ are made up of people with whom one regularly associates.

affairs

public opinion includes only the views that relate to public ___________.

agenda

the problems that political leaders and citizens agree need attention are known as the public __________.

opinion

an ________ leader is a person who has more than the average influence on public opinion.

resolution

_______ is a type of bill that is voted on by either house, but has no force of law.

party caucus

_________ is a closed meeting of the members of each party in the house.

rider

_______ provision added to important bill because it will not pass on its own.

quorum

the majority of the full membership of either house is called the _________.

discharge petition

____________ enables members to force a bill that has been in committee to the floor for consideration, but requires many signatures.

progressive tax

tax that has a higher rate for a higher income.

entitlement

benefit that federal law says must be paid to those who meet eligibility requirements.

estate tax

tax imposed on the assets of one who dies.

continuing resolution

ruling that allows a government agency to function until appropriations are approved.

tax return

declaration of income, exemptions, and deductions claimed.

payroll

tax generally withheld from paychecks and funds social security and medicare programs.

surplus

more annual income received than spent.

gift

tax levied on money or property given to one living person from another.

custom duty

a __________ tax laid on goods brought into the united states from abroad.

regressive

a tax that is set at a flat rate is known as a(n) __________.

continuing

congress passed a _________ resolution for the department of energy to operate until appropriations were approved.

excise tax

a(n) ___________ is a tax levied against the manufacture, sale, and consumption of goods.

uncontrollable

social security benefits are an example of an example of ___________ spending.

cultural revolution

a period in chinese history marked by political and social unrest.

soviets

elected councils that made up the government of the soviet union.

dissolution

a step that the prime minister in japan can take to immediately have a new house of representatives.

perestroika

is gorbachev’s plan for restructuring of political and economic life in the soviet union.

shadow cabinet

function of the british parliament in which appointed members watch over present members.

coalition

temporary alliance of parties for the purpose of forming a government.

consensus

broad agreement among politicians to avoid confrontation.

monarchy

in industrialized democracies today, the tradition of hereditary rule or ________, is largely ceremonial.

nationalization

in 1938, president cardenas of mexico oversaw the ____________ of all US oil companies in his country, acquiring them for public use.

ministers

in great britain, most cabinet members or _________ are members of the house of commons.

NAFTA

the ________ removed trade restrictions among the united states, canada, and mexico which increased cross border trade.

prefectures

japan has 47 _________, the political subdivisions into which the country is divided.

glasnost

________ was the policy under the soviet government that increased toleration of dissent and freedom of expression.

republican

new states are guaranteed a ___________ form of government for each state in the constitution.

mestizo

in mexico, a person with spanish and native american ancestry is referred to as a _________.

list the factors that influence public opinion:

1. family

2. education

3. mass media

4. peer groups

5. opinion leaders

6. historic events

study the amendments!!!!!

i have another knowit of just them!!!!!!!!