Topic 3.1

Gunpowder Empires

Large empires that utilized firearms to conquer territories, including the Ottoman, Mughal, and Safavid empires.

Armed Trade

A practice where empires engaged in trade under the threat of military force.

Ottoman Empire

A Sunni Muslim empire that lasted approximately 600 years, ending after World War I.

Mughal Empire

A Sunni Muslim empire that succeeded the Delhi Sultanate in India.

Safavid Empire

A Shia Muslim empire known for its conflicts with Sunni empires, particularly the Ottomans.

Gutenberg Printing Press

An invention that increased literacy in Europe, marking the end of the Medieval Period around 1450.

Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)

Russian ruler who expanded territory and controlled local khanates, including the Golden Horde.

Volga River

A crucial trade route that allowed Russia to access the Caspian Sea and expand eastward into Siberia.

Ming Empire

The dynasty that overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and stabilized China, expanding its territory significantly.

Qing Dynasty

The last imperial dynasty of China, known for its military campaigns and cultural achievements under Emperor Qianlong.

Ghazi Ideal

A model for warrior life in the Gunpowder Empires that combined nomadic values with Islamic warrior ethos.

Millet System

An Ottoman administrative system allowing religious communities to govern themselves while paying taxes to the central government.

Shah Abbas I

A significant ruler of the Safavid Empire who modernized the military and used Shia Islam to unify the state.

Mughal Trade

Flourished under Akbar, with a centralized government and a caste system that structured society and trade. (Asking about trade)

Taj Mahal

A mausoleum built by Shah Jahan, exemplifying cultural diffusion through its architectural style.

Decline of Gunpowder Empires

Resulted from the rise of Western European powers and failure to modernize military and governance.

Harem Politics

The influence of the sultan's wives and concubines in Ottoman succession, leading to political instability.

Emperor Aurangzeb

The Mughal emperor whose policies of religious intolerance and military expansion contributed to the empire's decline.

Decline of the Safavid

Lack of trade and military conflicts

Castes or Jatis

strict social groupings designated at birth

Akbar

Babur’s grandson who oversaw one of the richest and best governed states in the world as the Mughal Empire

Ghazi Ideal

Model for warrior life that blended cooperative values of nomadic culture with the willingness to serve as a holy fighter for Islam

Millet System

An autonomous self-governing religious community organized by a religious leader that answers to the central government (to make sure they pay taxes)

Uighurs

the Muslim population, never fully incorporated into rest of Chinese culture

Cossacks

Peasant warriors

How is the safavid empire different from the other two gunpowder empires?

They were Shia Muslim

Why does China remove their trading privileges?

British made them addicted to opium

Ottoman empire peaked under who?

Suleiman I

Why was there conflict between the Safavid and Ottoman empires?

Different branch of islam led to conflict

England Monarch Family

Tudor

France Monarch Family

Valois

Spain Monarch Family

Isabella and Ferdinand

Dalai Lama

head of tibetan buddhism