2nd Semester AP World Vocab

Columbian Exchange

Widespread transfer of ideas, plants, animals, diseases, cultures, and human populations between the new and old world.

Apartheid

A system of racial segregation and discrimination enforced in South Africa.

Janissaries

An elite military corps in the Ottoman Empire recruited from Christian Balkan boys.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a military alliance of 30 countries in North America and Europe.

Zheng Hu

A Chinese admiral and diplomat who lede naval expeditions during the Ming Dynasty.

Akbar

Reigned over Mughal Empire, was religiously tolerant and rescinded the Jizya tax.

Bollywood

The Hindi-language film industry based in Mumbai, India.

Galleons

Large, multi-decked sailing ships, primarily used by Spain and Portugal.

Globalization

Increasing interconnectedness of the world through trade, technology, and the movement of people, ideas, and cultures.

Coca-Cola

A symbol of Americanization and globalization.

Fidel castro

A Cuban revolutionary, politician, and leader of Communist Cuba.

Middle Passage

Transatlantic voyage during which enslaved Africans were forcibly transported from the west coast of Africa to the americas.

Pizarro

A figure known for his role in the Spanish conquest of the Incan Empire in present-day Peru.

1918 Influenza

A global pandemic that swept across the world, killing tons of people.

Bolsheviks

A radical fraction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, led by Vladimir Lenin.

Encomienda

A system of forced labor used in the Spanish colonies of the Americas.

Tokugawa

Tokugawa Shogunate, a military dictatorship that ruled Japan.

Satellite States

A country that is formally independent but it heavily influenced or controlled by another, more powerful, nation.

James Cook

A British naval captain, known for discovering and mapping parts of Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, and other Pacific islands.

Simon Bolivar

A key figure in representing the Latin American Revolutions.

Boxer Rebellion

An anti-foreign, anti-Christian uprising in CHina led by the Society or Righteous and Harmonious Fists(Boxers).

Karl Marx

Father of Communism.

Napoleon

French military leader and emperor who rose to prominence during the French Revolution.

Martin Luther

16th century monk who played a pivotal role in sparking the Protestant Reformation.

Potato

Native to the Americas, came to old world.

Crimean War

Fought her tween Russia, and an alliance between the Ottomans, France, Britain, and Sardinia.

Global Warming

The long-term increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to human activities.

Romanov

The Russian imperial dynasty that rules Russia from 1613-1917.

Tanzimat

A period of significant reform in the Ottoman Empire aiming to modernize and reorganize the empire’s institutions.

Iron Curtain

A metaphorical boundary that divided Europe after WWII, separating the Soviet-influenced Eastern Bloc from the western democracies.

Taj Mahal

A mausoleum built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife.

Greenpeace

A global independently environmental organization that uses non-violent, creative confrontation to expose environmental problems and advocate for solutions.

Cortez

A Spanish conquistador who led the conquest of the Aztec empire in Mexico.

1st Industrial Rev.

The period of significant technological and societal transformation that bega in Great Britain, characterized by the shift from hand production to mass-machine in factories.

2nd Industrial Rev.

A period of rapid technological and industrial advancement.

Communism/Marxism

Communism envisions a classless society where the means of production are collectively owned nd controlled by the people.

Treaty of Versailles

A peace treaty signed in 1919 that endedWWI between Germany and the Allied Powers.

Potosi

A significant site in the history of global trade and silver mining during the colonial era.

Mercantilism

An economic system where a nation’s wealth is measured by its gold and silver reserves.

Triangle Trade

A transatlantic trade network connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries.

Great Leap Forward

A disastrous, ambitious campaign in China, initiated by Mao Zedong, aimed at rapidly industrializing the nation and reorganizing agriculture.

Tiananmen Square

The massive public square in Beijing, China, and its significance as the site of of both the 1989 protests and a military crackdown.

Congress of Vienna

A conference of ambassadors of European states, chaired by Austrian statesman Kleenex von Metternich that aimed to settle the issues arising from the Napoleonic Wars.

Darwin

Theory of evolution by natural selection.

Otto Von Bismarck

A Prussian statesman who helped unify Germany through a policy of “Realpolitik”.

Taiping Rebellion

A major civil war in China, fought against the Qing dynasty.

Toussaint L’Ouverture

recognized for his elder ship in the Haitian Revolution.

Bhuvan

A determinded protagonist who led the villagers against the British government’s oppressive taxation policies.

Ibn Battuta

A prominent Moroccan Muslim scholar and traveler.