L2: pre-anesthetic agents

what is the OOA for acepromazine?

20-40 min (IM)
10-15 min (IV)
30-60 min (PO)

what is the duration of action for acepromazine?

4-6 hours

what are the side effects for acepromazine?

1. CNS depression

2. Vasodilation

3. antiemetic

4. transient ↓ PCV (RBC sequestration in the spleen)

5. interference with platelet aggregation

6. platelet sequestration in the spleen

7. anti-arrhytmic

8. anti-histaminic

   
   

what patients do we not use acepromazine in?

1. Boxers

2. Stallions

3. Dehydrated patients

4. Hypovolemic patients

5. Hypotensive patients

what is the OOA for dexmedetomidine?

10 to 15 min (IM)

3 min (IV)

what is the DOA for dexmedetomidine?

1 to 1.5 hours

what are the side effects for dexmedetomidine?

1. CNS depression

2. Bradycardia

3. Decreased CO

4. Diuresis

5. Decreased insulin secretion

what patients should we be cautious in using dexmedetomidine in?

1. cardiac patients

2. pediatric patients

3. elderly

4. critically ill patients

what are the indications for dexmedetomidine?

1. sedative

2. muscle relaxant

3. analgesic when combined with opioid

what is the OOA for trazodone?

30-90 min

what is the DOA for trazodone?

6-12 hours

what is the classification for butorphanol?

opioid

what is the MOA for butorphanol?

• partial mu antagonist

• kappa agonist

what is the OOA for butorphanol?

1-3 min (IV)
10-15 min (IM)

what is the DOA for butorphanol?

1-2 hours

what are the side effects for butorphanol?

1. broncodilation

2. cough suppressor

what are the indications for butorphanol?

Only used for diagnostic procedures and bronchoscopies

what is the MOA for midazolam?

GABA positive modulator

what is the MOA for diazepam?

GABA positive modulator

what is the MOA for morphine?

full mu, kappa, and gamme agonist

what is the MOA for hydromorphone?

full mu, kappa, and gamme agonist

what is the MOA for methadone

• full mu, kappa, and gamme agonist

• NMDA antagonist

what is the MOA for fentanyl?

full mu, kappa, and gamme agonist

what is the MOA for bupernorphine?

• partial mu agonist

• weak kappa antagonist

what is the classification for buprenorphine?

opioid

what is the classification of fentanyl?

opioid

what is the classification of methadone?

opioid

what is the classification of hydromorphone?

opioid

what is the classification fo morphine?

opioid

what is the classification of diazepam?

benzodiazepine

what is the classification of midazolam?

benzodiazepine

what is the OOA for xylazine?

10-15 min (IM)
3 min (IV)

what is the OOA for midazolam?

5 to 10 min (IM)

1 to 3 min (IV)

what is the OOA for diazepam?

1-3 min (IV)

what is the OOA for morphine?

5 to 15 min (IV) slowly!

15 to 45 min (IM)

what is the OOA for hydromorphone?

15 min (IV)

what is the OOA for methadone?

3 min (IV)

5 to 10 min (IM)

what is the OOA for fentanyl?

1-2 min (IV)

what is the OOA for buprenorphine?

20 to 45 min (IM)

20 min (IV)

what is the DOA for buprenorphine?

4-6 hours

what is the DOA for fentanyl?

20 min

what ishte DOA for methandone?

4 hours

what is the DOA for hydromorphone?

4 hours

what ishte DOA for morphine?

4 hours

what is the DOA for diazepam?

1-2 hours

what is the DOA for midazolam?

1-2 hours

what is the DOA for xylazine?

Sedation: 1 to 2 hours

Analgesia: 15 to 30 min

what are the side effects of xylazine?

1. CNS depression

2. bradycardia

3. decreased CO (biphasic effect)

4. Diuresis

5. Decreased insulin

what are the side effects of midazolam?

1. CNS depression

2. paradoxial excitation

3. anti-convulsant

what are the side effects of diazepam?

1. CNS depression

2. paradoxical excitation

3. appetite stimulation in cats

4. anti-convulsant

what are the side effects for morphine?

1. decreased HR

2. decreased RR

3. Hypothermia in dogs

4. Hyperthermia in cats

5. Diuresis

what are the side effects of hydromorphone?

1. decreased HR

2. decreased RR

3. Hypothermia in dogs

4. Hyperthermia in cats

5. Diuresis

what are the side effects of methadone?

1. decreased HR

2. decreased RR

3. Hypothermia in dogs

4. Hyperthermia in cats

5. Diuresis

what are the side effects of fentanyl?

1. decreased HR

2. decreased RR

3. Hypothermia/ hyperthermia 

4. Miosis/Mydriasis

5. Dysphoria/Euphoria

what are the side effects of buprenorphine?

1. Minimal sedation

2. Moderate analgesia

3. Rare respiratory depression

what other info to know about buprenorphine?

high affinity for opioid receptors

what other infor to know about fentanyl?

also used as a co-inductor

what are the indications for buprenorphine?

Analgesia (postoperative or minor procedures)

what are the indications for fentanyl?

Analgesia (moderate to severe pain)

what are the indications for methadone?

Analgesia (moderate to severe pain)

what are the indications for hydromorphone?

Analgesia (moderate to severe pain)

what are the indications for morphine?

Analgesia (moderate to severe pain)

what other info to know about methadone?

Sedation when combined with sedative

what other info to know about hydromorphone?

Sedation when combined with a sedative

what other info to know about morphine?

Sedation when combined with a sedative

what other info to know about diazepam?

1. Cardiovascular and respiratory stable

2. Not suitable for young healthy patients

   
   

what other infor to know about midazolam?

1. Cardiovascular and respiratory stable

2. Not suitable for young healthy patients

what are the indications for diazepam?

1. Tranquilizer

2. sedative (pediatric, geriatric, ill patients)

3. Muscle relaxant

4. Coinductor

   
   

what are the indications for midazolam?

1. Tranquilizer

2. sedative (pediatric, geriatric, ill patients)

3. muscle relaxant

4. coinductor

what other info to know about xylazine?

Caution in cardiac patients, pediatric, old and critically ill patients

what other info to know about medetomidine?

Caution in cardiac patients, pediatric, old and critically ill patients

what are the indications for xylazine?

1. Sedative

2. muscle relaxant

3. analgesic (in combination with an opioid)

   
   

what are the indications for medetomidine?

1. Sedative

2. muscle relaxant

3. analgesic (in combination with an opioid)

what is the DOA for medetomidine?

1-1.5 hours

what is the OOA for medetomidine?

10-15 min (IM)
3 min (IV)