DEVPSYCH reviewer

Resilient children

Children who weather adverse circumstances, function well despite challenges or threats, or bounce back from traumatic events.

Childhood depression

Mood disorder characterized by prolonged sense of friendlessness, inability to have fun or concentrate, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, and thoughts of death or suicide.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Anxiety aroused by repetitive, intrusive thoughts leading to compulsive ritual behaviors.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety not focused on any single target.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A condition characterized by an overwhelming fear of social situations.

Conduct Disorder

Repetitive, persistent pattern of aggressive, antisocial behavior violating societal norms.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

A behavioral disorder marked by persistent patterns of disregard for the feelings and rights of others.

Bullying

Aggression deliberately and persistently directed against a particular target.

Prejudice

An unfavorable attitude toward members of certain groups, especially racial or ethnic groups.

Externalizing behaviors

Behaviors by which a child acts out emotional difficulties.

Internalizing behaviors

Behaviors by which emotional problems are turned inward.

Coregulation

Transitional stage in behavior control where parents supervise and children self-regulate.

Industry vs. Inferiority

Erikson's fourth stage of psychosocial development where children must learn productive skills.

Individual Psychotherapy

Psychological treatment in which a therapist sees a troubled person one-on-one.

Protective factors

Influences that reduce the impact of potentially negative influences and predict positive outcomes.

Binge Drinking

Consuming five or more drinks on one occasion for men, or four or more for women.

School Phobia

Unrealistic fear of going to school; may be a form of separation anxiety disorder.

Self-efficacy

Sense of one's capability to master challenges and achieve goals.

Preconventional morality

First level of Kohlberg's theory where control is external and rules are obeyed to gain rewards.

Personal Fable

Adolescent belief in one's uniqueness and invulnerability, associated with risk-taking.

Imaginary Audience

The tendency of adolescents to believe they are the focus of others' attention.

Cognitive Reserve Theory

Enhancing overall cognitive functioning by using stronger abilities to compensate for weaker ones.

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development in late adulthood.

Activity Theory

Theory of aging that holds that to age successfully, a person must remain as active as possible.

Disengagement Theory

Theory that holds successful aging is characterized by mutual withdrawal of the older person and society.