Anti-Apartheid Movement and International Response Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering international anti-apartheid movements, sports, cultural, and academic boycotts, consumer boycotts, disinvestment, economic sanctions, and the Free Mandela Campaign.

Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM) in Britain

A movement formed following a meeting in London on 26 June 1959 that campaigned to end Apartheid through boycotts and isolating South Africa from the international community.

Kader Asmal

A founding member of the Irish Anti-Apartheid Movement in 1964 who later became the Minister of Education in South Africa.

Boycott

A voluntary refusal to buy goods or deal with an organisation.

'Stop the Seventy Tour' Campaign

A campaign chaired by Peter Hain in 1970 that disrupted the South African Springboks rugby tour in Britain using pitch invasions, tin tacks on the field, torchlight processions, and glued hotel door locks.

Gleneagles Agreement of 1977

An agreement signed by Commonwealth countries that banned South African sportsmen and women from world sport.

Cultural Boycott

An AAM action where British musicians, Equity actors, and screenwriters refused to work in South Africa or export films and television programmes, isolating South Africa from international entertainment.

Academic Boycott of 1965

A declaration signed by British professors and lecturers protesting racial discrimination in higher education and bans on Professors Simons and Roux, pledging not to apply for or accept posts in discriminatory South African universities.

Consumer Boycott

A campaign where British citizens refused to buy South African agricultural exports like fruit and wool, inflicting heavy economic blows on South African farmers.

Sir Timothy Bevan

The chairman of Barclays Bank who in 1985 described Apartheid as "repugnant, wrong, unchristian and unworkable," leading to the bank's disinvestment from South Africa.

Margaret Thatcher

The Prime Minister of Britain who opposed imposing economic sanctions on South Africa, arguing that such a move would hurt South Africans rather than help them.

Nassau Sanctions (1985)

Minor sanctions agreed upon by Commonwealth leaders at Nassau in the Bahamas, banning the export of arms to South Africa and the import of South African iron, steel, and Krugerrands.

Economic Impact of Sanctions

Severe economic strain on South Africa resulting from Western sanctions, causing devaluation of the rand, increased unemployment, and inflation rising to 18.4\text{\times} (the highest in $66$ years).

Archbishop Desmond Tutu

An anti-apartheid leader who supported economic sanctions, arguing that black South Africans were willing to make sacrifices and that economic fallout would hurt whites at the top most.

Free Mandela Co-ordinating Committee

A committee established by the AAM in 1983 to demand the release of Nelson Mandela and coordinate with other liberation campaigns.

"Free Nelson Mandela" (Song)

A popular protest song written by Jerry Dammers and performed by The Sussed and The Special AKA to demand the release of Nelson Mandela.

Artists Against Apartheid

An organisation formed by Jerry Dammers and Dali Tambo (son of OR Tambo) that organized a major anti-apartheid rock concert on Clapham Common, London, in July 1986.

Nelson Mandela 70th Birthday Tribute Concert

A concert organized by the AAM 'Freedom at 70' campaign at Wembley Stadium on 11 June 1988, where famous artists performed before $72000$ people to demand Mandela's release after $25$ years of imprisonment.