Chemistry Atom Structure

Charge of Proton

Positive

Location of Proton

Nucleus

Proton Relative Mass

1

Neutron Charge

Neutral

Location of Neutron

Nucleus

Neutron Relative Mass

1

Electron Charge

Negative

Location of Electron

Orbiting the Nucleus

Electron Relative Mass

1/1836

What are Electrons

Negatively Charge Particles

What are the two subatomic particles?

Protons and Neutrons referred to as Nucleons

Nuclear Notation (Mass Number)

Protons + Neutrons

Nuclear Notation (Atomic Number)

Protons

Nuclear Notation (Symbol)

Represents the element

Ion

An atom that has an unbalanced number of protons and electrons.

Element

Substance that is made up of only on Atom

Compound

Substance that is made up with more than one type of atom chemically bounded together

Isotope

Two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.

How is the periodic table arranged?

Order increasing atomic number

What are the horizontal rows called and what are they labelled as?

Periods labelled as 1-7

What are the vertical groups called and what are the labelled

Groups - They are labelled as 1-18

What are the main group element?

1,2 and 13-18

What are Valance electrons

Outer Shell electrons

How many group of Valance electrons in Group 1

1

How many group of Valance electrons in Group 2

2

How many group of Valance electrons in Group 13

3

How many group of Valance electrons in Group 14

4

How many group of Valance electrons in Group 15

5

How many group of Valance electrons in Group 16

6

How many group of Valance electrons in Group 17

7

How many group of Valance electrons in Group 18

8

What are metals?

Shiny, malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity

What are Non Metals?

They are dull, having lower melting points and are poor conductors of electricity and heat

What are Metalloids?

They exhibit properties of both metals and non metals , The metallic properties of an element increase down a group and decrease across a period.

What are Metalloids in the Periodic table?

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At

What are Non Metals in the Periodic table?

Hydrogen and anything after B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At

What are Electrostatic forces in atoms?

When they attract the outer most electrons

What is Core Charge?

Is an atom is a measure of the attractive force felt by the valance shell electrons, They predict the properties of elements and explain trends observed in the table.

Core Charge formula

number of protons - number of total inner shell electrons

Trend in Core Charge

Down a group - Remains Constant

Left to Right across a period - Increases

What is electronegativity?

ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself more it attracts the more greater the electronegativity

Trend in Electronegativity

Down a Group - Decreases

Left to Right across a period - Increases

What is atomic radius?

Measurement used for the size of atoms

Trend in atomic radius

Down a group- Increases

Left to Right across a period - Decreases

What is the first ionisation energy?

When Electrons can move to higher energy shells, If atoms are given lots of energy it can be removed from the atom

Process when an electron gets removed and becomes a positively charge ____

Ion

Trend in first ionisation energy

Down a Group - Decreases

Left to Right across a period - Increases

What is Reactivity of Metals?

Reactivity of metals is a measure of how easily an atom of a metallic element can lose electrons. The weaker the attraction of the valence electrons to the nucleus , the more easily the electrons can be lost

Trend in reactivity of Metals

Down a Group - Increases

Left to Right across a period - Decreases