Unit 8-9 Old Imperialism, Exploration, Disruption

Old Imperialism

A European policy of conquest that occurs in the 15th through 18th centuries in Africa, India, the Americas, and parts of Asia The motives were the same for most areas, the establishment of lucrative trade routes.

New Imperialism

The late-nineteenth-century drive by European countries to create vast political empires abroad.

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.

Akbar the Great

(1542-1605) Emperor of the Mughal Empire in India. He is considered to be their greatest ruler. He is responsible for the expansion of his empire, the stability his administration gave to it, and the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion.

Mughal Empire

Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

Shah Jahan

Mogul emperor of India during whose reign the finest monuments of Mogul architecture were built (including the Taj Mahal at Agra) (1592-1666)

Taj Mahal

beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife

Delhi Sultanate

The first Islamic government established within India from 1206-1520. Controled a small area of northern India and was centered in Delhi.

Indian Ocean trading network

The world's largest sea-based system of communication and exchange before 1500 C.E., Indian Ocean commerce stretched from southern China to eastern Africa and included not only the exchange of luxury and bulk goods but also the exchange of ideas and crops.

Portugal

Dominated the Eastern Hemisphere during the Era of Old Imperialism

Spain

Dominated the Western Hemisphere during the Era of Old Imperialism

Treaty of Tordesillas

set the boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.

Treaty of Saragossa

Signed in 1529, this designated colonization rules in Southeast Asia between Spain and Portugal; It's how Spain ended up with the Philippines.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Transatlantic Triangular Trade

A route of trade between the Latin American colonies, West Indies, Europe and Africa.

West African Slave Trading Kingdoms

Dahomey, Benin, Kingdom of Kongo, Angola

Conquistadors

Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Examples Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.)

De Las Casas

Priest who spoke out against Spanish treatment of Native Americans

Absolutism

A political system in which a ruler holds total power

Hinduism

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.

Muslim

A follower of Islam; One who submits to God

The Encounter

Refers to the contact between European explorers and indigenous people during the Age of Exploration in the Americas

New World

the name given by Europeans to the Americas, which were unknown to most Europeans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus

Old World

the regions of the world that were known to Europeans before the discovery of the Americas; Included Europe

Peninsular System

Strict class system in Spanish Latin America; long-term impact has been inequality

British East India Company

A joint stock company that controlled most of India during the period of imperialism. This company controlled the political, social, and economic life in India for more than 200 years.

Encomienda

A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it

Mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought