Nuclear Physics

And all that stupid jazz

What is the standard model

A model that states all matter is made of one or more of the 12 fundamental particles called fermions

What are the two types of fermions

Quarks and leptons

Fermions

Are the fundamental building blocks of all matter in the universe

What are Gauge Bosons

Subatomic messenger particles that act as the glue of the universe carrying the fundamental forces between matter particles

The standard model explains three of the four fundamental forces of nature in terma of exchange particles called

gauge bosons

What do gluons do

Mediate the strong nuclear force

What section is a gluon a part of

Gauge bosons

What does a photon do

Mediate the electromagnetic force

WHat section is photon a part of

Gauge bosons

What do Z and +- W bosons mediate

The weak nuclear force

What do most particles have

An antiparticle

Each antiparticle of a particle has the same ___, ___ and ___ but their _______ and ______ have the same magnituse and opposite sign

Spin, mass, lifetime, electrical charges, quantum numbers

What are hadrons made of

Quarks held together by the strong nuclear force

What are the two categories of hadrons

Baryons and mesons

Baryons are made of

Three quarks

All mesons are made of

One quark and one antiquark

Leptons exist as

individual particles

Charged leptons interact using

Electromagnetic force

Neutral leptons rarely interact because

they are not affected by the strong nuclear force

(NUMBERS) Atoms contain ___ particles, __ types in the nucleus and __ type that orbits the nucleus of an atom

3, 2, 1

The nucleus of an atom consists of ___ charged protons and ___ neutrons

Positively, neutral

Protons and neutrons are known as

Nucleons

Most of the atoms mass is contained in

The nucleus

._z^ax, Z is A is

Z = the atomic number
A = the mass number

What is atomic number

The number of protons in the nucleus

What is the mass number

The number of nucleons in the nucleus

Atoms with the same atomic number belong to the same

Element

Isotopes of an element have ____ number of protons and ____ number of neutrons

The same, a different

Isotopes of an element are chemically identical to each other but have

Different physical properties.

An elements identity is based on

The number of protons in its nucleus

Radioisotopes are

Unstable isotopes

Radioisotopes may spontaneously ___ by emitting a ___ and/or ____ from the nucleus

Decay, particle, energy

What is spontaneous transmutation if the number of protons is changed

When radioisotopes spontaneously decay a particle or energy

What is the process of making artificial isotopes is called

artificial transmutation

Artificial isotopes are commonly produced in the core of a ____ because of neutron bombardment, when a nucleus is changed - changing the identity of the element

Nuclear reactor

Nuclear reactions

Those that occur in the nucleus of the atom.

In nuclear reactions, atoms can

Gain or lose protons, neutrons or energy

What is radioactivity

When the nucleus of an atom spontaneously breaks apart, it emits energy or particles (collectively known as radiation).

Radioactive elements means they have no

isotopes

Some isotopes of stable elements are also radioactive. They are known as

radioactive isotopes or radioisotopes.