AP Euro Chapter Terms: Ch. 19 KAGAN — Age of Napoleon

Abukir

location where Admiral Nelson defeated Napolean's invasion of Egypt

Austerlitz

place where Napoleon defeated Austria and Russia, his greatest victory

Baron Von Stein

leader of Prussian reform movement who abolished serfdom in Prussia and rebuilt the army.

Battle of Nations

European Coalition vs. Napoleon

Battle of Trafalgar, 1805

naval battle that saw the English fleet destroy the French and Spanish fleets; battle that ended all French hope of invading Britain; guaranteed British control of sea for the rest of the war

Berlin Decrees

forbid all of Napoleon's allies to import British goods

Big Four

Prussia, Austria, Britain, Russia

Categorical Imperative

by Immanuel Kant; all humans have innate sense of moral duty — inner command to act in every situation as other people would act

Chateubriand

wrote "The Genius of Christianity"

Civil Code of 1804; Napoleonic Code

officially abolished all privileges based on birth; conservative toward women and labor (workers associations remained forbidden, fathers were granted control over children and wives — divorce remained more difficult for women than men); unified law throughout France

Concordat of 1801

declared that, "Catholicism is the religion of the great majority of the French citizens."

Confederation of the Rhine

caused the Holy Roman Empire to dissolve; included most of the German princes

Congress of Vienna

gathering of state heads and the four great powers; treaties were made between states, not monarchies

Constitution of the Year VIII

divided executive power among three councils; promoted universal male suffrage; complex system of checks and balances

Consulate

ended the revolution in France; abolished hereditary privilege — created careers based on talent; peasants gained land and destroyed feudalism

Continential System

included the Milan and Berlin Decrees; hurt other European economies

Coup d'etat

antimonarchists put their own supporters in the legislative seats the monarchists had won on Frutidor 18; imposed censorship; exiled some monarchists

Sir Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington

supported the Spanish going against Napoleon; defeated Napoleon at Waterloo with Prussians

Elba

where Napoleon was first exiled to; island near Italian coast

Emilé

book by Rousseau — children should be allowed to grow freely and learn by trial and error, guardians should only provide basic necessities and ward off harmful things, men and women will naturally grow into their separate spheres

European Coalition

alliance of Russia, Prussia, and Austria with British sponsorship

Faust

written by Goethe — tale of man making a pact with devil

First Consul

official appointed by government in France (e.g. Napoleon)

Frederick William III

feared for the reforms and unifications of Prussia

Germany

where the Romantic movement created nationalism

Goethe

wrote "The Sorrows of Young Werther" and "Faust"

Holy Alliance

England, Austria, Prussia, and Russia made a coalition for maintaining peace

Holy Club

religious group started by Wesley

Hundred Days

period of Napoleon's return

Immanuel Kant

accepted Enlightenment rationalism and human freedom, immortality, and God; human perspectives are the product of the mind's sensory experience; ideas: noumenal world and categorical imperative; wrote "The Critique of Pure Reason" and "The Critique of Practical Reason"

Invasion of Egypt

Napoleon couldn't invade Britain, so he invaded a British interest; caused formation of Second Coalition; was defeated by Admiral Nelson at Akubir

John Wesley

leader of Methodism; organized the Holy Club

Joseph

placed on the throne of Spain by Napoleon; led to first real war of liberation

Josephine

wife of Napoleon whom he divorced because she had borne him no heirs

Leipzig

location of the Battle of Nations

Lord Byron

English poet who embodied the spirit of the French Revolution, disliked by most other English writers; rejected traditions — wanted personal liberty; wrote "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" and "Don Juan"

Lord Nelson

victorious British admiral who was killed in battle while losing no ships in the battle

Madame de Staël

helped Romanticism became major force

Marie Louise

who Napoleon married after divorcing Josephine

Methodism

started as revolt against deism and rationalism; led by John Wesley

Metternich

unsuccessfully negotiated peace with Napoleon; Austrian foreign minister

Milan Decree

stopped neutral nations from trading with Britain

Napoleon

conquered most of Europe; abdicated and went into exile after the Battle of Leipzig

Kingdom of the Netherlands

was established by the Congress of Vienna

Organic Articles of 1802

gave the state power over church

Plebiscite

a direct vote of all members

Pope Pius VII

didn't participate in coronation of Napoleon

Prussia

country that abolished military punishments, inspire patriotic feelings, opened officer corps to commoners, gave merit promotions, organized war colleges

Quadruple Alliance

alliance formed by Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia for 20 years

Romanticism

reaction in literature, philosophy, and religion against what many considered the excessive rationality and scientific narrowness of the Enlightenment; to understand the world; revival of Christianity; interest in folklore, folk songs, and fairytales — existence world beyond that of empirical observation, sensory data, and discursive reasoning

Saint Helena

where Napoleon was exiled to; an Atlantic Island; where he died

Schlegal

praised Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio, Shakespeare, etc; wrote "Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature"

Scorched Earth

to destroy all food and resources as an army retreated; policy followed by Russia when Napoleon invaded in 1812

Talleyrand

foreign minister for Napolean; said Napolean's act to be, "worse than a crime—a blunder" for provoking foreign opposition

The Critique of Practical Reason, The Critique of Pure Reason

by Immanuel Kant

The Genius of Christianity

written by Chateaubriand; essence of religion is passion; "bible of Romanticism"

Treaty of Amiens

the treaty that took Britain out of war

Treaty of Tilsit

treaty that gave France half Prussia's territory

Tsar Alexander I

negotiated with Napoleon to make Treaty of Tilsit

Waterloo

where Napoleon was defeated

Wordsworth

published "Lyrical Ballads" and "The Prelude" — youth is when the mind is closer to its eternal origin and not distracted by worldly experience