UNIT 4: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY

capsule  /ˈkæp.sjuːl/

a small container with medicine inside that you swallow

compound /ˈkɒm.paʊnd/ **= combination**

*Salt is a compound* ***of*** *sodium and chlorine.*

a chemical that combines two or more elements

consequence /ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwəns/

*Not making a will can have* ***serious*** *consequences for your children and other family members.*

a result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or not convenient:

dose /dəʊs/

*a high/low dose*

*The label says to take one dose three times a day.*

a measured amount of something such as medicine

emissions /iˈmɪʃ.ən/

*Bioluminescence is the emission of light from living organisms.*

the act of sending out gas, heat, light, etc.

exposure  /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒər/

*You should always limit your exposure* ***to*** *the sun.*

the fact of experiencing something or being affected by it because of being in a particular situation or place

food chain

*Most biological activity is concentrated near the surface of the ocean, where there is a lot of sunlight to support marine food chains.*

a series of living things that are connected because each group of things eats the group below it in the series

infection  /ɪnˈfek.ʃən/ = disease

*a serious infection*

*a throat infection*

a condition in which bacteria or viruses that cause disease have entered the body

interaction

*There's not enough interaction* ***between*** *the management and the workers.*

an occasion when two or more people or things communicate with or react to each other

pesticide /ˈpes.tɪ.saɪd/

a chemical substance used to kill harmful insects, small animals, wild plants, and other unwanted organisms:

protein /ˈprəʊ.tiːn/

one of the many substances found in food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs, that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong

reaction

*I love to watch people's reactions when I say who I am.*

**behaviour, a feeling or an action that is a direct result of something else**

side effect

*Does this drug* ***have*** *any side effects?*

an unpleasant effect of a drug, medical treatment, or vaccine (= a substance put into a person's body to stop them getting a disease) that happens in addition to the main intended effect

bacterial

*a bacterial infection*

caused by, made from, or relating to bacteria

contagious  /kənˈteɪ.dʒəs/

*The infection is* ***highly*** *contagious, so don't let anyone else use your towel.*

A contagious disease can be caught by touching someone who has the disease or by touching an infected object, or by an infected person coughing, sneezing, etc. near you (dễ lây)

contaminated /kənˈtæm.ɪ.neɪ.tɪd/

*The infection was probably caused by swimming in contaminated water/water contaminated* ***with*** *sewage.*

**poisonous or not pure**

controversial /ˌkɒn.trəˈvɜː.ʃəl/

*a controversial issue/decision/speech/figure*

*The book was very controversial.*

causing disagreement or discussion

crucial

*a crucial decision/question*

*Her work has been crucial* ***to*** *the project's success.*

*It is crucial* ***that*** *the problem is tackled immediately.*

extremely important or necessary

essential

There is essential work to be done before the building can be re-occupied.

necessary or needed

organic /ɔːˈɡæn.ɪk/

*organic food/fruit/farms/farmers*

not using artificial chemicals in the growing of plants and animals for food and other products

absorb

*Plants absorb carbon dioxide.*

*In cold climates, houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.*

to take something in, especially gradually

contaminate **/kənˈtæm.ɪ.neɪt/**

*Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.*

*The food which had been contaminated was destroyed.*

to make something less pure or make it poisonous

release

*He was* %%*released* ***from***%% *prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence.*

*She was arrested for shoplifting but was released* ***on bail*** *(= after paying a sum of money to the court).*

to give freedom or free movement to someone or something: