Biology Review

Flashcards about the anatomy and function of the male and female reproduction system

Male Reproductive System

Consists of the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and penis, responsible for producing and delivering sperm and producing testosterone.

Spermatogenesis

The process through which the testes produce sperm.

Female Reproductive System

Includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina; responsible for producing eggs and supporting fetal development.

Menstrual Cycle

The regular process that prepares the body for pregnancy, involving the shedding of the uterine lining.

Hormones

Controls the production of sperm and male characteristics in males; regulates the menstrual cycle and supports pregnancy in females.

Spermatogenesis

The process of gamete formation producing sperm cells in males.

Oogenesis

The process of gamete formation producing egg cells in females.

Testosterone

Hormone that leads to the development of secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair and increased muscle mass in males.

Estrogen and Progesterone

Hormones that lead to breast development, menstruation, and other puberty-related changes in females.

Estrogen

Hormone primarily responsible for the thickening of the uterine lining and triggers ovulation.

Progesterone

Hormone that prepares the uterus for a potential fertilized egg.

Estrogen and Progesterone

Hormones that maintain the uterine lining and prevent menstruation during pregnancy.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

Hormone produced by the developing embryo, supports the corpus luteum.

Prolactin

Hormone that prepares the breasts for milk production.

Non-Specific (Innate) Immunity

The body's first line of defense, involving physical barriers and cellular and chemical defenses.

Specific (Adaptive) Immunity

A type of immunity that learns to recognize specific pathogens and mounts a targeted attack.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by white blood cells that bind to specific antigens.

Antigens

Foreign substance that triggers an immune response.

Vaccines

Biological preparations that provide active acquired immunity to a particular disease.

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

A syndrome caused by HIV, which attacks and destroys CD4+ T cells.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A virus that attacks and destroys CD4+ T cells, leading to AIDS.

Autoimmune Diseases

Diseases in which the body's immune system attacks its own healthy cells and tissues.