Week 2-practical ethics for paramedicine

Deontology

defines actions as right or wrong

Consequentialism

Ethical theory focusing on outcomes of actions.

virtue ethics

Perspective that what is moral comes from what a mature person with "good" moral character would deem right

Utilitarianism

idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

Metaethics

the study of the meaning and logical structure of moral beliefs

Grounding Problem of Ethics

the search for a foundation for our moral beliefs, something solid that would make them true in a way that is clear, objective, and unmoving

Moral antirealism

there are no moral facts

Moral relativism

More than one moral position on a topic can be correct

Cultural relativism

not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms

Moral absolutism

there are absolute standards at which morals can be judged

Moral subjectivism

the idea that moral opinions are subjective

hypothetical imperatives

Things you should do if you want something

Categorical imparitives

Demands you must follow, regardless of desires. Moral obligation derived from pure reason

the universalizability principal

an action is morally right if it can be applied universally to all rational beings without contradiction

-do it unless it would be contradicted by people

the formula of humanity

Treat humanity as an end, not a means.

-Recognise that we are more than objects don't treat eachother as mere means

proper functioning

the way something should be good at what it does.

A dull knife is a bad knife

what is virtue?

habit of doing good.

What is courage as defined by aristotle?

Courage is the midline between cowardness and recklessness, the ability to call for help when something is out of your ability. Courage is finding the right way to act.

Virtue of honesty

Being honest enough to be truthful but not too much that it may hurt feelings

Distributive justice

Everyone should get the same amount of stuff

Need-based justice

Those who need more, get more

Merit-based justice

Those who deserve more get more

Negative right

a right not to be interfered with

Positive right

Right to be assisted

Retributive justice

Fair punishment that fits the seriousness of the misbehavior.

Welfare maximisation

No good to be found in causing pain to wrong-doers. But some form of punishment is still in order

Rehab

Help wrong-doers so they learn how to get along and follow rules

Restorative justice

Make right from how wrong you did