2. pediatric fractures + injuries

torus/buckle fracture description

incomplete fracture of a long bone that results in buckling/folding

what ages is the torus/buckle fracture seen in

6-10

what part of the bone does the torus/buckle fracture affect

cortex of the shaft

torus/buckle fracture etiology

FOOSH, direct trauma to the forearm

torus/buckle fracture treatment

immobilization with a short arm cast

torus/buckle fracture complications

none

greenstick fracture description

incomplete fracture where a long bone bends but doesn’t completely break. cortex is disrupted on one side only and angulation occurs on the opposite cortex

what ages does a greenstick fracture occur

under 10

greenstick fracture etiology

FOOSH, direct blow to the arm

greenstick fracture treatment

manual manipulation to align fragments, immobilization (cast)

greenstick fracture complications

none; these heal well

bow/plastic deformity description

bowing or bending of a long bone

bow/plastic deformity etiology

force applied to a long bone that bends the bone

bow/plastic deformity treatment

cast

bow/plastic deformity complications

none

epiphyseal fracture description

fracture that disrupts the epiphyseal plate

in what ages does epiphyseal fracture occur in

over 10

epiphyseal fracture alternative name

teenage colles fracture

epiphyseal fracture etiology

FOOSH

epiphyseal fracture treatment

reduction, immobilization

epiphyseal fracture complications

deformity of bone, possible mal-union, nerve damage

what fracture type is this

torus/buckle

what fracture type is this

greenstick

what fracture type is this

bow/plastic deformity

what fracture type is this

epiphyseal fracture

salter-harris I description

complete separation of the epiphyseal plate due to a transverse fracture through the plate; epiphysis separates from the rest of the bone

salter-harris I common sites

wrist, ankle, phalanges

salter-harris I etiology

trauma

salter-harris I treatment

reduction, immobilization

salter-harris I complications

rare

salter-harris II description

fracture through the growth plate and the metaphysis with a small triangular fragment of the metaphyseal base creating a corner sign

salter-harris II common site

distal radius

salter-harris II etiology

trauma

salter-harris II treatment

closed reduction, immobilization

salter-harris II complications

rare; problems with the growth plate, if any

salter-harris III description

fracture through the epiphysis with another horizontal fracture through the epiphyseal plate; there is partial separation of the epiphysis and there is articular involvement

salter-harris III common sites

distal tibia, distal femur, distal phalanx

salter-harris III etiology

trauma

salter-harris III treatment

closed reduction, immobilization

salter-harris III complications

rare; problems with the growth plate, if any

salter-harris IV description

a vertical fracture through the epiphysis, growth plate, and metaphysis

what does a salter-harris IV do to the joint (what issues)

joint deformity and disability due to damage to the blood supply and growth plate

salter-harris IV common sites

distal femur, distal tibia, distal humerus

salter-harris IV etiology

trauma

salter-harris IV treatment

reduction to avoid premature physeal fusion, surgical repair

salter-harris IV complications

premature physeal fusion

salter-harris V description

compression injury to the growth plate and blood supply which affects bone growth

salter-harris V etiology

trauma

salter-harris V treatment

the extent of damage to the growth plate determines treatment

salter-harris V complications

premature physeal fusion, limb shortening

which salter harris is this

I

which salter harris is this

II

which salter harris is this

III

which salter harris is this

IV

which salter harris is this

V