Great Depression & WWII: Key Events, Leaders, and Policies

Black Tuesday

The stock market crashed and lost 16 billion dollars

Stock Market Crash

bought on margin

Borrow money from bank and invest

Main cause of the Great Depression

Okies

A disrespectful term used by people in California who called migrants from oklahoma who moved to california

Herbert Hoover

President was unliked, bad response to GD and created Trickle-down Economics which didn't work

Believed in Rugged Individualism

Fix it yourself

Hoovervilles

Shantytowns people lived in after losing housing and incomes

FDR

President after Hoover, created new deal and used the three R's and keynesian economics

Was very good

The 3 R's

Relief

Direct aid to help people immediately. (short term)

Food, shelter, etc.

Recovery

Help in long term

Stimulate economy, create more jobs

Reform

Making changes to the system so it doesn't happen again

Economic Regulations/Legislation

Planning New Deal

Luftwaffe

German air force

RAF

Royal air force

Isolationism

Belief we should focus on domestic affairs instead of getting involved with foreign conflicts

Neutrality Acts

Restricted U.S. companies from selling war materials from aggressive countries

Cash & Carry

Nations buy stuff from the U.S.

If pay in cash and pick up

Lend-Lease

US gave countries materials and didn't need payment

Tuskegee Airmen

All African-American Air Force unit

Very skilled fighters

"Red Tail Fighters

Military was still segregated

Double V Campaign

Victory against Fascism(Abroad)

Victory at Home(Racism)

Allied Bombing Campaign

Targeted cities

Military Bases

Industrial Sites

Used B17 Bombers "Flying Fortress"

Appeasement

European leaders gave Hitler what he wanted

As long as he didn't take more land

USS Arizona

Most damaged battleship in Pearl Harbor

Memorial for today

Still leaking oil

Rugged Individualism

Fix it yourself

Volunteerism

Indirect aid where people volunteer to help out with GD

Election of 1932

FDR vs Hoover

FDR won in landslide

New Deal

FDR

Created jobs and very effective

Programs and policies to address economic challenges

Improved country

Banking reforms

Social security etc.

Trickle-Down Economics

Hoover

Tax-breaks to rich

Extra money was supposed to trickle down to lower classes

Very ineffective

Keynesian Economics

FDR

Direct aid

Money flows from bottom to top

Stimulate economy

Harry Truman

Came to presidency after FDR death

Decided atomic bombs on Japan

Joseph Stalin

Leader of USSR

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of UK

Large part of defeating Nazis

The Homefront

Women shifted to being in the workforce

Some companies lended factories to the government and they were used to make planes and other war materials

Victory Gardens

Making a surplus of food for soldiers

Labor/production skyrocketed

2 aircrafts per minute

USA Industry/Production during WWII

Shifted to making War materials

Guns, cars, etc.

Rosie the Riveter/Women in the workforce

Over 6 million women joined workforce

Rosie the Riveter represented female strength and patriotism

Also how women succeeded in usually men dominant jobs/roles

B-17/B-29 Bombers

B-17 - "Flying Fortresses"

B-29 - dropped atomic bombs

Axis Powers

Bad guys/fascists

Germany,Italy, Japan

Allied Powers

Good guys

USA, UK, USSR

Dwight D. Eisenhower

5 star general for allies

Planned and orchestrated D-Day

Island Hopping

Strategy used in the Pacific to get closer to the Japanese mainland

They went from Island to Island building air bases

Mt. Suribachi

Mountain on Iwo Jimo

Tunnels were built in the mountain by the Japanese

Adolf Hitler

Fascist and creator of Nazi Germany

1919- National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi)

1923- Attempts + fails a coup

Goes to prison and writes Mein Kampf ("My Struggle")

1933- Hitler becomes Chancellor

Night of Long Knives (Takes out political opponents)

1934- Hitler consolidates power + becomes Fuhrer

Benito Mussolini

Fascist leader of Italy who joined Hitler

Emperor Hirohito

Emperor of Japan

Fascist Axis power

Hideki Tojo

Prime minister of Japan second to Hirohito

Treaty of Versailles

After WWI Germany declared losers

Pay reparations, demilitarize, and return land

Rise of Nazi Party

Hitler becomes totalitarian leader

Makes society attack common enemy

Jewish

Blames groups of people for problems

Retakes land lost from WWI lose

Munich Agreement

Hitler agreed not to take any land

Broke agreement only a year later

Appeasement

Fascism

Extreme far right gov. system

Authoritarian/dictatorship

One person absolute power

Ultra-nationalist (Extreme patriotism)

Militaristic

State over individual

Blitzkrieg

"Lighting War" strategy

Overwhelm opponent

Very aggressive

Used by Hitler

Atlantic Charter

Agency for nations

Freedom of seas

Free trade

What to do about Axis power

Lebensraum

Nazi propaganda to justify expansion

"Living space"

Ethnic Germans should be united

Aircraft Carrier vs Battleship

Aircraft carrier: Has a runway

Battleship: Fighting

Great Depression

Causes

Debt from WW1

Growing wealth gap

Buying on margin

Borrowing money from the bank and investing it

Bank did the same thing too with peoples money

When people went to get their money from the bank there wasn't enough

The first people to the bank got their money

Others were left with nothing

Dust Bowl

Dust Bowl

Rural farmland-Oklahoma

Causes

Overfarming

Drought

Crop specialization

Led to extreme dust storms

Oklahoma people(Okies) had to make a decision if they were to leave everything or stick it out

Pearl Harbor

Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor

D-Day

Major Battle

Normandy, France

US, Britain, Canada

The Blitz

German constant bombing of cities

Most heavily bombed London

Operation Barbarossa

An invasion by the nazis to try and break into moscow, soviet union (Failure invasion and bad idea)

Battle of Midway

Turning point in the war

US intercepted Japanese communication

Japanese shot down all planes but one

Japanese recalled all planes for refueling

Five min window for attack and US wins

Battle of Iwo Jima

Very brutal battle

Japanese built tunnels in Mt. Suribachi making it hard to kill them

Some people thought that they killed them but didn't realize how complicated and deep these tunnels in the mountains were

Atomic Bombs (Hiroshima/Nagasaki)

Manhattan project

Led by Robert Oppenheimer

Made a bomb that would end the war

Fall of Berlin

USSR got there first

Mostly destroyed Berlin

Hitler killed himself in his Fuhrer Bunker

USSR hangs their flag over Berlin

Causes issues

Berlin surrenders on May 2

V-E Day

Victory in Europe

V-J Day

Victory in Japan

FDR Quote

"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself" and "Yesterday, Dec. 7th...

Churchill quote

"We shall fight on the beaches..."(Said in front of the parliament June 4, 1940,)

Isoroku Yamamoto

(Admiral of Japanese Navy) - "I fear all we have done is awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve"(Said after Pearl Harbor)

Oct. 29th, 1929

Black Tuesday

Sept. 1st, 1939

WWII start (Nazi invade Poland)

Dec. 7th, 1941

Pearl harbor

Jun. 4th, 1942

Battle of Midway

Jun. 6th, 1944

D-day

Apr. 30th, 1945

Hitler and wife commit suicide

May 8th, 1945

V-E Day

Aug, 6th/9th, 1945

Hiroshima & Nagasaki Atomic Bombs drop

Sep. 2nd, 1945

V-J Day