Motivation and Emotion

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to motivation and emotion, including theories of motivation and emotion, basic psychological needs, and the interplay of physiological and cognitive responses.

Drive-reduction theory

A motivational theory that suggests physiological needs create an aroused state that drives us to reduce the need.

Arousal theory

The theory that some motivated behaviors increase rather than decrease arousal and that an optimal level of arousal is ideal for performance.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A motivational theory proposing that human needs are organized in a hierarchy, from physiological needs to self-transcendence.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

The principle that performance is optimal at a certain level of arousal; too little or too much arousal can hinder performance.

Self-Determination Theory

A theory stating that human beings have three basic psychological needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness.

In-group bias

The tendency to favor one's own group over others, leading to a sense of 'us' versus 'them'.

Ostracism

The feeling of being excluded, ignored, or shunned, which can lead to negative emotional responses.

Grit

In psychology, the combination of passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals.

Schachter-Singer two-factor theory

The theory suggesting that emotion is based on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling of that arousal.

Cannon-Bard Theory

A theory that proposes emotional and physiological responses occur simultaneously after a stimulus.

James-Lange Theory

The theory that our experience of emotion is based on the awareness of physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.

Zajonc-LeDoux Theory

The theory that some emotional responses occur instantly, without conscious appraisal.

Lazarus Theory

A cognitive appraisal theory, stating that our emotional experience depends on our interpretation of an event.